Kedalaman: 7 (logaritmik), 18x AND, 6x OR, 7x XOR, 31 gerbang (linier)
Biarkan saya menghitung jumlah digit dalam basis empat, modulo tiga:
sirkuit digambar dalam Logisim
Generalisasi, secara formal (semoga agak mudah dibaca):
balance (l, h) = {
is1: l & not h,
is2: h & not l,
}
add (a, b) =
let aa = balance (a.l, a.h)
bb = balance (b.l, b.h)
in { l:(a.is2 & b.is2) | (a.is1 ^ b.is1),
h:(a.is1 & b.is1) | (a.is2 ^ b.is2)}
pairs [] = []
pairs [a] = [{h:0, l:a}]
pairs [rest.., a, b] = [pairs(rest..).., {h:a, l:b}]
mod3 [p] = p
mod3 [rest.., p1, p2] = [add(p1, p2), rest..]
divisible3 number =
let {l: l, h: h} = mod3 $ pairs number
in l == h
sekarang dalam bahasa Inggris:
Sementara ada lebih dari dua bit dalam angka, ambil dua pasang bit terendah dan jumlah mereka modulo 3, kemudian tambahkan hasilnya ke belakang angka, kemudian kembali jika pasangan terakhir adalah nol modulo 3. Jika ada yang aneh jumlah bit dalam jumlah, tambahkan bit nol ekstra ke atas, lalu poles dengan propagasi nilai konstan.
Menambahkan ke belakang alih-alih ke depan memastikan pohon tambahan adalah pohon seimbang daripada daftar tertaut. Ini, pada gilirannya, memastikan kedalaman logaritmik dalam jumlah bit: lima gerbang dan tiga tingkat untuk pembatalan pasangan, dan gerbang tambahan di ujungnya.
Tentu saja, jika perkiraan planaritas diinginkan, berikan pasangan atas yang tidak dimodifikasi ke lapisan berikutnya alih-alih membungkusnya ke depan. Namun ini lebih mudah diucapkan daripada diimplementasikan (bahkan dalam pseudocode). Jika jumlah bit dalam angka adalah kekuatan dua (seperti yang berlaku di sistem komputer modern apa pun pada Maret 2014), tidak ada pasangan bebas akan terjadi.
Jika tata letak mempertahankan lokalitas / melakukan minimalisasi panjang rute, itu harus membuat sirkuit terbaca.
Kode Ruby ini akan menghasilkan diagram sirkuit untuk sejumlah bit (bahkan satu bit). Untuk mencetak, buka di Logisim dan ekspor sebagai gambar:
require "nokogiri"
Port = Struct.new :x, :y, :out
Gate = Struct.new :x, :y, :name, :attrs
Wire = Struct.new :sx, :sy, :tx, :ty
puts "Please choose the number of bits: "
bits = gets.to_i
$ports = (1..bits).map {|x| Port.new 60*x, 40, false};
$wires = [];
$gates = [];
toMerge = $ports.reverse;
def balance a, b
y = [a.y, b.y].max
$wires.push Wire.new(a.x , a.y , a.x , y+20),
Wire.new(a.x , y+20, a.x , y+40),
Wire.new(a.x , y+20, b.x-20, y+20),
Wire.new(b.x-20, y+20, b.x-20, y+30),
Wire.new(b.x , b.y , b.x , y+10),
Wire.new(b.x , y+10, b.x , y+40),
Wire.new(b.x , y+10, a.x+20, y+10),
Wire.new(a.x+20, y+10, a.x+20, y+30)
$gates.push Gate.new(a.x+10, y+70, "AND Gate", negate1: true),
Gate.new(b.x-10, y+70, "AND Gate", negate0: true)
end
def sum (a, b, c, d)
y = [a.y, b.y, c.y, d.y].max
$wires.push Wire.new(a.x , a.y , a.x , y+40),
Wire.new(a.x , y+40, a.x , y+50),
Wire.new(a.x , y+40, c.x-20, y+40),
Wire.new(c.x-20, y+40, c.x-20, y+50),
Wire.new(b.x , b.y , b.x , y+30),
Wire.new(b.x , y+30, b.x , y+50),
Wire.new(b.x , y+30, d.x-20, y+30),
Wire.new(d.x-20, y+30, d.x-20, y+50),
Wire.new(c.x , c.y , c.x , y+20),
Wire.new(c.x , y+20, c.x , y+50),
Wire.new(c.x , y+20, a.x+20, y+20),
Wire.new(a.x+20, y+20, a.x+20, y+50),
Wire.new(d.x , d.y , d.x , y+10),
Wire.new(d.x , y+10, d.x , y+50),
Wire.new(d.x , y+10, b.x+20, y+10),
Wire.new(b.x+20, y+10, b.x+20, y+50)
$gates.push Gate.new(a.x+10, y+90, "XOR Gate"),
Gate.new(b.x+10, y+80, "AND Gate"),
Gate.new(c.x-10, y+80, "AND Gate"),
Gate.new(d.x-10, y+90, "XOR Gate")
$wires.push Wire.new(a.x+10, y+90, a.x+10, y+100),
Wire.new(b.x+10, y+80, b.x+10, y+90 ),
Wire.new(b.x+10, y+90, a.x+30, y+90 ),
Wire.new(a.x+30, y+90, a.x+30, y+100),
Wire.new(d.x-10, y+90, d.x-10, y+100),
Wire.new(c.x-10, y+80, c.x-10, y+90 ),
Wire.new(c.x-10, y+90, d.x-30, y+90 ),
Wire.new(d.x-30, y+90, d.x-30, y+100)
$gates.push Gate.new(d.x-20, y+130, "OR Gate"),
Gate.new(a.x+20, y+130, "OR Gate")
end
def sum3 (b, c, d)
y = [b.y, c.y, d.y].max
$wires.push Wire.new(b.x , b.y , b.x , y+20),
Wire.new(b.x , y+20, b.x , y+30),
Wire.new(b.x , y+20, d.x-20, y+20),
Wire.new(d.x-20, y+20, d.x-20, y+30),
Wire.new(c.x , c.y , c.x , y+60),
Wire.new(c.x , y+60, b.x+30, y+60),
Wire.new(b.x+30, y+60, b.x+30, y+70),
Wire.new(d.x , d.y , d.x , y+10),
Wire.new(d.x , y+10, d.x , y+30),
Wire.new(d.x , y+10, b.x+20, y+10),
Wire.new(b.x+20, y+10, b.x+20, y+30),
Wire.new(b.x+10, y+60, b.x+10, y+70)
$gates.push Gate.new(b.x+10, y+60 , "AND Gate"),
Gate.new(d.x-10, y+70 , "XOR Gate"),
Gate.new(b.x+20, y+100, "OR Gate" )
end
while toMerge.count > 2
puts "#{toMerge.count} left to merge"
nextToMerge = []
while toMerge.count > 3
puts "merging four"
d, c, b, a, *toMerge = toMerge
balance a, b
balance c, d
sum *$gates[-4..-1]
nextToMerge.push *$gates[-2..-1]
end
if toMerge.count == 3
puts "merging three"
c, b, a, *toMerge = toMerge
balance b, c
sum3 a, *$gates[-2..-1]
nextToMerge.push *$gates[-2..-1]
end
nextToMerge.push *toMerge
toMerge = nextToMerge
puts "layer done"
end
if toMerge.count == 2
b, a = toMerge
x = (a.x + b.x)/2
x -= x % 10
y = [a.y, b.y].max
$wires.push Wire.new(a.x , a.y , a.x , y+10),
Wire.new(a.x , y+10, x-10, y+10),
Wire.new(x-10, y+10, x-10, y+20),
Wire.new(b.x , b.y , b.x , y+10),
Wire.new(b.x , y+10, x+10, y+10),
Wire.new(x+10, y+10, x+10, y+20)
$gates.push Gate.new(x, y+70, "XNOR Gate")
toMerge = [$gates[-1]]
end
a = toMerge[0]
$wires.push Wire.new(a.x, a.y, a.x, a.y+10)
$ports.push Port.new(a.x, a.y+10, true)
def xy (x, y)
"(#{x},#{y})"
end
circ = Nokogiri::XML::Builder.new encoding: "UTF-8" do |xml|
xml.project version: "1.0" do
xml.lib name: "0", desc: "#Base"
xml.lib name: "1", desc: "#Wiring"
xml.lib name: "2", desc: "#Gates"
xml.options
xml.mappings
xml.toolbar do
xml.tool lib:'0', name: "Poke Tool"
xml.tool lib:'0', name: "Edit Tool"
end #toolbar
xml.main name: "main"
xml.circuit name: "main" do
$wires.each do |wire|
xml.wire from: xy(wire.sx, wire.sy), to: xy(wire.tx, wire.ty)
end #each
$gates.each do |gate|
xml.comp lib: "2", name: gate.name, loc: xy(gate.x, gate.y) do
xml.a name: "facing", val: "south"
xml.a name: "size", val: "30"
xml.a name: "inputs", val: "2"
if gate.attrs
gate.attrs.each do |name, value|
xml.a name: name, val: value
end #each
end #if
end #comp
end #each
$ports.each.with_index do |port, index|
xml.comp lib: "1", name: "Pin", loc: xy(port.x, port.y) do
xml.a name: "tristate", val: "false"
xml.a name: "output", val: port.out.to_s
xml.a name: "facing", val: port.out ? "north" : "south"
xml.a name: "labelloc", val: port.out ? "south" : "north"
xml.a name: "label", val: port.out ? "out" : "B#{index}"
end #port
end #each
end #circuit
end #project
end #builder
File.open "divisibility3.circ", ?w do |file|
file << circ.to_xml
end
puts "done"
akhirnya, ketika diminta untuk membuat output untuk 32 bit, layouter saya menghasilkan ini. Memang, ini tidak terlalu kompak untuk input yang sangat luas:
