Tulis fungsi / subrutin untuk mengurutkan daftar bilangan bulat, gaya Tower of Hanoi .

Anda akan diberi setumpuk bilangan bulat. Ini tumpukan utama.

Anda juga diberi dua tumpukan helper. Tumpukan pembantu ini memiliki properti unik: setiap elemen harus lebih kecil dari atau ukuran yang sama dengan elemen di bawahnya. Stack utama tidak memiliki batasan seperti itu.

Anda ditugaskan menyortir tumpukan utama, meletakkan bilangan bulat terbesar di bawahnya. Fungsi / subrutin Anda akan mengembalikan (atau setara) jumlah gerakan yang dibuatnya dalam menyortir tumpukan.
_{Catatan: Anda harus mengurutkan tumpukan utama di tempat , tidak mengurutkan ke tumpukan lain dan menyebut itu jawabannya. Namun, jika Anda karena suatu alasan tidak dapat melakukannya, Anda dapat mensimulasikan tumpukan yang bisa berubah, tetapi ingat bahwa ini adalah semacam Menara Hanoi; hanya ada 3 pasak dan hanya 1 pasak yang dapat diurangkan.}

Fungsi / subrutin Anda dapat memeriksa tumpukan apa saja kapan saja, tetapi hanya dapat bergerak dengan membuka dan mendorong. Satu gerakan adalah pop dari satu tumpukan yang didorong ke yang lain.

Uji fungsi / subrutin Anda untuk setiap permutasi dari 6 bilangan alami pertama. Dengan kata lain, uji fungsi / subrutin Anda untuk {1},{2},...,{6},{1,1},{1,2},...,{1,6},{2,1},...(ini harus total atau kemungkinan (terima kasih kepada Howard untuk mengoreksi matematika saya)). Fungsi / subrutin yang menggerakkan elemen paling sedikit menang.61+62+...+6655986

Java - solusi optimal (1080544 bergerak)

Solusi ini membangun pohon jalur terpendek dari target dan mundur, kemudian melintasi jalur dari keadaan awal ke target. Banyak ruang untuk peningkatan kecepatan, tetapi masih menyelesaikan semua masalah 5.9986 dalam waktu sekitar satu menit.

Dengan asumsi algoritma diimplementasikan dengan benar, ini harus menjadi solusi terbaik secara teoritis.

import java.util.*;

public class HanoiSort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int sumNumMoves = 0;
        for (int size = 1; size <= 6; ++size) {
            Collection<List<Integer>> initMainStacks = generateInitMainStacks(Collections.<Integer>emptyList(), size);
            for (List<Integer> initMainStack : initMainStacks) {
                sumNumMoves += solve(initMainStack);
            }
        }
        System.out.println(sumNumMoves);
    }

    /*
     * Recursively create initial main stacks
     */
    private static Collection<List<Integer>> generateInitMainStacks(List<Integer> mainStack, int remainingSize) {
        Collection<List<Integer>> initMainStacks;
        if (remainingSize > 0) {
            initMainStacks = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int number = 1; number <= 6; ++number) {
                List<Integer> nextMainStack = new ArrayList<>(mainStack);
                nextMainStack.add(number);
                initMainStacks.addAll(generateInitMainStacks(nextMainStack, remainingSize - 1));
            }
        } else {
            List<Integer> initMainStack = new ArrayList<>(mainStack);
            initMainStacks = Collections.singleton(initMainStack);
        }
        return initMainStacks;
    }

    private static final List<Integer> EMPTY_STACK = Collections.emptyList();

    /*
     * Create a shortest path tree, starting from the target state (sorted main stack). Break when the initial state
     * is found, since there can be no shorter path. This is akin to building a chess endgame tablebase.
     *
     * Traverse the path from initial state to the target state to count the number of moves.
     */
    private static int solve(List<Integer> initMainStack) {
        List<List<Integer>> initState = Arrays.asList(new ArrayList<>(initMainStack), EMPTY_STACK, EMPTY_STACK);
        List<Integer> targetMainStack = new ArrayList<>(initMainStack);
        Collections.sort(targetMainStack);
        List<List<Integer>> targetState = Arrays.asList(new ArrayList<>(targetMainStack), EMPTY_STACK, EMPTY_STACK);
        Map<List<List<Integer>>,List<List<Integer>>> tablebase = new HashMap<>();
        Deque<List<List<Integer>>> workQueue = new ArrayDeque<>();
        tablebase.put(targetState, null);
        workQueue.add(targetState);
        while (!tablebase.containsKey(initState)) {
            assert !workQueue.isEmpty() : initState.toString();
            List<List<Integer>> state = workQueue.removeFirst();
            Collection<List<List<Integer>>> prevStates = calcPrevStates(state);
            for (List<List<Integer>> prevState : prevStates) {
                if (!tablebase.containsKey(prevState)) {
                    tablebase.put(prevState, state);
                    workQueue.add(prevState);
                }
            }
        }

        int numMoves = 0;
        List<List<Integer>> state = tablebase.get(initState);
        while (state != null) {
            ++numMoves;
            state = tablebase.get(state);
        }
        return numMoves;
    }

    /*
     * Given a state, calculate all possible previous states
     */
    private static Collection<List<List<Integer>>> calcPrevStates(List<List<Integer>> state) {
        Collection<List<List<Integer>>> prevStates = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int fromStackNo = 0; fromStackNo < 3; ++fromStackNo) {
            List<Integer> fromStack = state.get(fromStackNo);
            if (!fromStack.isEmpty()) {
                int number = fromStack.get(0);
                for (int toStackNo = 0; toStackNo < 3; ++toStackNo) {
                    if (toStackNo != fromStackNo) {
                        List<Integer> toStack = state.get(toStackNo);
                        if ((toStackNo == 0) || toStack.isEmpty() || (toStack.get(0) >= number)) {
                            List<List<Integer>> prevState = new ArrayList<>(state);
                            List<Integer> prevFromStack = new ArrayList<>(fromStack);
                            prevFromStack.remove(0);
                            prevState.set(fromStackNo, prevFromStack);
                            List<Integer> prevToStack = new ArrayList<>(toStack);
                            prevToStack.add(0, number);
                            prevState.set(toStackNo, prevToStack);
                            prevStates.add(prevState);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return prevStates;
    }

}

C - 2547172 untuk 55986 input

Ada banyak ruang untuk perbaikan di sini. Untuk kewarasan saya sendiri, saya menyederhanakan ini sehingga hanya mungkin untuk memeriksa elemen teratas dari setiap tumpukan. Mengangkat pembatasan yang diberlakukan sendiri ini akan memungkinkan optimisasi seperti menentukan urutan akhir sebelumnya dan mencoba meminimalkan jumlah gerakan yang diperlukan untuk mencapainya. Contoh yang menarik adalah bahwa implementasi saya memiliki perilaku kasus terburuk jika tumpukan utama sudah diurutkan.

Algoritma:

1. Isi kedua tumpukan tambahan (ruang untuk optimasi di sini, mungkin menugaskan tumpukan yang didasarkan pada beberapa jenis poros).
2. Gabungkan sortir tumpukan tambahan kembali ke tumpukan utama.
3. Ulangi 1-2 hingga tumpukan utama disortir (tetapi terbalik).
4. Membalik tumpukan utama (lebih banyak ruang untuk optimasi, mengocok banyak elemen yang sama berulang kali).

Analisis:

• Kompleksitas ruang tambahan adalah O (n) (untuk dua tumpukan tambahan), yang baik, karena itu adalah persyaratan masalah.
• Kompleksitas waktu adalah O (n ^ 2) menurut hitungan saya. Koreksi dipersilahkan.

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define SIZE 6

int s0[SIZE + 1];
int s1[SIZE + 1];
int s2[SIZE + 1];

int
count(int *stack)
{
    return stack[0];
}

int
top(int *stack)
{
    return stack[stack[0]];
}

void
push(int *stack, int value)
{
    assert(count(stack) < SIZE && "stack overflow");
    assert((stack == s0 || count(stack) == 0 || value <= top(stack)) && "stack order violated");
    stack[++stack[0]] = value;
}

int
pop(int *stack)
{
    int result = stack[stack[0]];
    assert(count(stack) > 0 && "stack underflow");
    stack[stack[0]] = 0;
    stack[0]--;
    return result;
}

int permutations;

void
permute(int len, int range, void (*cb)(void))
{
    int i;
    if(len == 0)
    {
        permutations++;
        cb();
        return;
    }
    for(i = 1; i <= range; i++)
    {
        push(s0, i);
        permute(len - 1, range, cb);
        pop(s0);
    }
}

void
print(void)
{
    int i;
    for(i = 1; i <= count(s0); i++)
    {
        printf("%d ", s0[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int save[SIZE + 1];

void
copy(int *src, int *dst)
{
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i <= SIZE; i++)
    {
        dst[i] = src[i];
    }
}

int total;

void
move(int *src, int *dst)
{
    total++;
    push(dst, pop(src));
}

void
merge(void)
{
    while(1)
    {
        if(count(s1) == 0 && count(s2) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        else if(count(s1) == 0 || (count(s2) > 0 && top(s2) < top(s1)))
        {
            move(s2, s0);
        }
        else
        {
            move(s1, s0);
        }
    }
}

void
reverse(void)
{
    while(1)
    {
        while(count(s2) == 0 || top(s0) == top(s2))
        {
            move(s0, s2);
        }
        if(count(s0) == 0 || top(s2) < top(s0))
        {
            while(count(s2) > 0)
            {
                move(s2, s0);
            }
            break;
        }
        while(count(s0) > 0 && (count(s1) == 0 || top(s0) <= top(s1)))
        {
            move(s0, s1);
        }
        while(count(s2) > 0)
        {
            move(s2, s0);
        }
        merge();
    }
}

void
sort(void)
{
    while(1)
    {
        if(count(s0) == 0)
        {
            merge();
            reverse();
            break;
        }
        else if(count(s1) == 0 || top(s1) >= top(s0))
        {
            move(s0, s1);
        }
        else if(count(s2) == 0 || top(s2) >= top(s0))
        {
            move(s0, s2);
        }
        else
        {
            merge();
        }
    }
}

void
helper(void)
{
    copy(s0, save);
    sort();
    copy(save, s0);
}

int
main(void)
{
    permute(1, 6, helper);
    permute(2, 6, helper);
    permute(3, 6, helper);
    permute(4, 6, helper);
    permute(5, 6, helper);
    permute(6, 6, helper);
    printf("%d\n", permutations);
    printf("%d\n", total);
    return 0;
}

Python, 3983838 3912258 bergerak lebih dari 55.986 input

Ini sangat tidak efisien.

Saya akan menambahkan jumlah total pergerakan setelah OP mengklarifikasi apakah itu untuk semua kasus atau untuk kasus spesifik lainnya.

from itertools import product       # Required for testing
import time                         # Required if you want to see it in action.

from pycallgraph import PyCallGraph
from pycallgraph.output import GraphvizOutput

def main( l ):
    ################### Data ###################
    global a , b , c , d , copy , total_moves
    total_moves = 0

    a = [ x for x in l ]  # Input stack, order doesn't matter, we'll try to empty this one
    b = []                # Usable stack, restricted by order, we'll try to get the final sorted order here
    c = []                # Usable stack, restricted by order, but we'll try to keep it as empty as possible

    d = { 'a':a , 'b':b , 'c':c }  # Passing the stacks to the nested functions by their names as a string
    copy = [ x for x in a ]        # reference copy, read-only


    ################### Functions ###################
    def is_correct( stack ):
        if d[ stack ] == sorted( copy , reverse = True ):
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def reverse_exchange( source , destination , keep = 0 ):
        #
        # keep is the number of elements to keep at the bottom of the source stack
        # The remaining top elements are moved to the destination stack
        # We first move the top elements to stack a
        # and from a to c so that the order is preserved
        # effectively splitting the source stack into two
        #

        i = 0
        while len( d[ source ] ) > keep :
            move( source , 'a' )
            i += 1
        else:
            while i > 0:
                move( 'a' , destination )
                i -= 1

    # def validate( source , destination ):
    #   # 
    #   # Validates the give move
    #   #
    #   if len( d[ source ] ) == 0:
    #       return False
    #   if destination == 'a' or len( d[ destination ] ) == 0:
    #       return True
    #   else:
    #       if d[ destination ][ len( d[ destination ] ) - 1 ] >= d[ source ][ len( d[ source ] ) - 1 ]:
    #           return True
    #       else:
    #           return False

    def move( source , destination ):
        global total_moves
        # if validate( source , destination ):
        d[ destination ].append( d[ source ].pop() )

        total_moves += 1

            # Uncomment the following to view the workings step-by-step
            # print '\n'
            # print a
            # print b
            # print c
            # print '\n'
            # time.sleep(0.1)

        return True
        # else:
        #   return False


    ################### Actual logic ###################
    while ( not is_correct( 'a' ) ):

        copy_b   = [x for x in b ]                         # Checking where the topmost element of a
        top_of_a = a[ len(a) - 1 ]                         # should be inserted
        copy_b.append( top_of_a )                          #
        sorted_copy_b = sorted( copy_b , reverse = True )  #

        reverse_exchange( 'b' , 'c' , sorted_copy_b.index( top_of_a ) )                                                  # Sandwiching the top-most element
        move( 'a' , 'b' )                                                                                                # to proper position in b
        while (len(b) > 0 and len(c) > 0 and len(a) > 0) and (sorted (b , reverse = True)[0] <= a[len(a) - 1] <= c[0]):  #  # Optimization
            move( 'a' , 'b' )                                                                                            #  #
        reverse_exchange( 'c' , 'b' )                                                                                    # b is always sorted, c is always empty

        if is_correct( 'b' ):                     # Just moving b to a
            while ( not is_correct( 'a' ) ):      # The entire program focuses on "insertion sorting"
                reverse_exchange( 'b' , 'c' , 1 ) # elements of a onto b while keeping c empty
                move( 'b' , 'a' )                 # 
                if len(c) > 0 :                       #
                    reverse_exchange( 'c' , 'b' , 1 ) # Slightly more efficient
                    move('c' , 'a' )                  #



    return total_moves


# with PyCallGraph( output= GraphvizOutput() ):


    ################### Test cases #############
i = 0
for elements in xrange( 1 , 7 ):
    for cartesian_product in product( [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] , repeat = elements ):
        input_list = [ int( y ) for y in cartesian_product ]
        i += main(input_list)
        print i
print i

Penjelasan

Apa, komentar tidak cukup baik untuk Anda?

_{Catatan untuk OP: Terima kasih karena tidak membuat golf kode ini.}

Python: 1.688.293 1.579.182 1.524.054 1.450.842 1.093.195 bergerak

Metode utamanya adalah main_to_help_bestmemindahkan beberapa elemen yang dipilih dari tumpukan utama ke tumpukan pembantu. Ini memiliki bendera everythingyang menentukan apakah kita ingin memindahkan semuanya ke yang ditentukan destination, atau apakah kita ingin menyimpan hanya yang terbesar destinationsementara sisanya di pembantu lainnya.

Andaikan kita pindah ke dstmenggunakan helper helper, fungsinya secara kasar dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut:

1. Temukan posisi elemen terbesar
2. Pindahkan segala sesuatu di atas elemen paling atas ke helperrekursif
3. Pindahkan elemen terbesar ke dst
4. Dorong kembali dari helperke utama
5. Ulangi 2-4 hingga elemen terbesar ada di dst
6. Sebuah. Jika everythingdiatur, pindahkan elemen secara utama ke utama dst
   b. Jika tidak, pindahkan elemen secara utama kehelper

Algoritme pengurutan utama ( sort2dalam kode saya) kemudian akan memanggil main_to_help_bestdengan everythingset ke False, dan kemudian memindahkan elemen terbesar kembali ke utama, kemudian memindahkan semuanya dari helper kembali ke utama, menjaganya agar tetap diurutkan.

Penjelasan lebih lanjut tertanam sebagai komentar dalam kode.

Pada dasarnya prinsip yang saya gunakan adalah:

1. Simpan satu helper untuk mengandung elemen maksimum
2. Simpan pembantu lain untuk mengandung elemen lain
3. Jangan lakukan gerakan yang tidak perlu sebanyak mungkin

Prinsip 3 diterapkan dengan tidak menghitung langkah jika sumbernya adalah tujuan sebelumnya (yaitu, kami baru saja memindahkan utama ke bantuan1, maka kami ingin pindah dari bantuan1 ke bantuan2), dan selanjutnya, kami mengurangi jumlah gerakan sebesar 1 jika kami memindahkannya kembali ke posisi semula (mis. main to help1 lalu help1 ke main). Juga, jika ngerakan sebelumnya semuanya menggerakkan bilangan bulat yang sama, kita sebenarnya dapat menyusun ulang ngerakan tersebut. Jadi kami juga memanfaatkan itu untuk mengurangi jumlah gerakan lebih jauh.

Ini valid karena kita tahu semua elemen di tumpukan utama, jadi ini bisa diartikan sebagai melihat di masa depan bahwa kita akan memindahkan elemen kembali, kita tidak boleh melakukan langkah ini.

Contoh dijalankan (tumpukan ditampilkan dari bawah ke atas - jadi elemen pertama adalah bawah):

Panjang 1
Bergerak: 0
Tugas: 6
Maks: 0 ([1])
Rata-rata: 0,000

Panjangnya 2
Bergerak: 60
Tugas: 36
Maks: 4 ([1, 2])
Rata-rata: 1,667

Panjang 3
Bergerak: 1030
Tugas: 216
Maks: 9 ([2, 3, 1])
Rata-rata: 4,769

Panjangnya 4
Bergerak: 11765
Tugas: 1296
Maks: 19 ([3, 4, 2, 1])
Rata-rata: 9.078

Panjangnya 5
Bergerak: 112325
Tugas: 7776
Maks: 33 ([4, 5, 3, 2, 1])
Rata-rata: 14,445

Panjangnya 6
Bergerak: 968015
Tugas: 46656
Maks: 51 ([5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1])
Rata-rata: 20.748

--------------
Secara keseluruhan
Bergerak: 1093195
Tugas: 55986
Rata-rata: 19.526

Kita dapat melihat bahwa kasus terburuk adalah ketika elemen terbesar ditempatkan di bagian bawah kedua, sedangkan sisanya diurutkan. Dari kasus terburuk kita dapat melihat bahwa algoritma ini adalah O (n ^ 2).

Jumlah gerakan jelas minimum untuk n=1dan n=2seperti yang dapat kita lihat dari hasilnya, dan saya percaya ini juga minimum untuk nilai yang lebih besar n, meskipun saya tidak dapat membuktikannya.

Penjelasan lebih lanjut ada dalam kode.

from itertools import product

DEBUG = False

def sort_better(main, help1, help2):
    # Offset denotes the bottom-most position which is incorrect
    offset = len(main)
    ref = list(reversed(sorted(main)))
    for idx, ref_el, real_el in zip(range(len(main)), ref, main):
        if ref_el != real_el:
            offset = idx
            break

    num_moves = 0
    # Move the largest to help1, the rest to help2
    num_moves += main_to_help_best(main, help1, help2, offset, False)
    # Move the largest back to main
    num_moves += push_to_main(help1, main)
    # Move everything (sorted in help2) back to main, keep it sorted
    num_moves += move_to_main(help2, main, help1)
    return num_moves

def main_to_help_best(main, dst, helper, offset, everything=True):
    """
    Moves everything to dst if everything is true,
    otherwise move only the largest to dst, and the rest to helper
    """
    if offset >= len(main):
        return 0
    max_el = -10**10
    max_idx = -1
    # Find the location of the top-most largest element
    for idx, el in enumerate(main[offset:]):
        if el >= max_el:
            max_idx = idx+offset
            max_el = el
    num_moves = 0
    # Loop from that position downwards
    for max_idx in range(max_idx, offset-1, -1):
        # Processing only at positions with largest element
        if main[max_idx] < max_el:
            continue
        # The number of elements above this largest element
        top_count = len(main)-max_idx-1
        # Move everything above this largest element to helper
        num_moves += main_to_help_best(main, helper, dst, max_idx+1)
        # Move the largest to dst
        num_moves += move(main, dst)
        # Move back the top elements
        num_moves += push_to_main(helper, main, top_count)
    # Here, the largest elements are in dst, the rest are in main, not sorted
    if everything:
        # Move everything to dst on top of the largest
        num_moves += main_to_help_best(main, dst, helper, offset)
    else:
        # Move everything to helper, not with the largest
        num_moves += main_to_help_best(main, helper, dst, offset)
    return num_moves

def verify(lst, moves):
    if len(moves) == 1:
        return True
    moves[1][0][:] = lst
    for src, dst, el in moves[1:]:
        move(src, dst)
    return True

def equal(*args):
    return len(set(str(arg.__init__) for arg in args))==1

def move(src, dst):
    dst.append(src.pop())
    el = dst[-1]
    if not equal(dst, sort.lst) and list(reversed(sorted(dst))) != dst:
        raise Exception('HELPER NOT SORTED: %s, %s' % (src, dst))

    cur_len = len(move.history)
    check_idx = -1
    matched = False
    prev_src, prev_dst, prev_el = move.history[check_idx]
    # As long as the element is the same as previous elements,
    # we can reorder the moves
    while el == prev_el:
        if equal(src, prev_dst) and equal(dst, prev_src):
            del(move.history[check_idx])
            matched = True
            break
        elif equal(src, prev_dst):
            move.history[check_idx][1] = dst
            matched = True
            break
        elif equal(dst, prev_src):
            move.history[check_idx][0] = src
            matched = True
            break
        check_idx -= 1
        prev_src, prev_dst, prev_el = move.history[check_idx]
    if not matched:
        move.history.append([src, dst, el])
    return len(move.history)-cur_len

def push_to_main(src, main, amount=-1):
    num_moves = 0
    if amount == -1:
        amount = len(src)
    if amount == 0:
        return 0
    for i in range(amount):
        num_moves += move(src, main)
    return num_moves

def push_to_help(main, dst, amount=-1):
    num_moves = 0
    if amount == -1:
        amount = len(main)
    if amount == 0:
        return 0
    for i in range(amount):
        num_moves += move(main, dst)
    return num_moves

def help_to_help(src, dst, main, amount=-1):
    num_moves = 0
    if amount == -1:
        amount = len(src)
    if amount == 0:
        return 0
    # Count the number of largest elements
    src_len = len(src)
    base_el = src[src_len-amount]
    base_idx = src_len-amount+1
    while base_idx < src_len and base_el == src[base_idx]:
        base_idx += 1

    # Move elements which are not the largest to main
    num_moves += push_to_main(src, main, src_len-base_idx)
    # Move the largest to destination
    num_moves += push_to_help(src, dst, base_idx+amount-src_len)
    # Move back from main
    num_moves += push_to_help(main, dst, src_len-base_idx)
    return num_moves

def move_to_main(src, main, helper, amount=-1):
    num_moves = 0
    if amount == -1:
        amount = len(src)
    if amount == 0:
        return 0
    # Count the number of largest elements
    src_len = len(src)
    base_el = src[src_len-amount]
    base_idx = src_len-amount+1
    while base_idx < src_len and base_el == src[base_idx]:
        base_idx += 1

    # Move elements which are not the largest to helper
    num_moves += help_to_help(src, helper, main, src_len-base_idx)
    # Move the largest to main
    num_moves += push_to_main(src, main, base_idx+amount-src_len)
    # Repeat for the rest of the elements now in the other helper
    num_moves += move_to_main(helper, main, src, src_len-base_idx)
    return num_moves

def main():
    num_tasks = 0
    num_moves = 0
    for n in range(1, 7):
        start_moves = num_moves
        start_tasks = num_tasks
        max_move = -1
        max_main = []
        for lst in map(list,product(*[[1,2,3,4,5,6]]*n)):
            num_tasks += 1
            if DEBUG: print lst, [], []
            sort.lst = lst
            cur_lst = lst[:]
            move.history = [(None, None, None)]
            help1 = []
            help2 = []
            moves = sort_better(lst, help1, help2)
            if moves > max_move:
                max_move = moves
                max_main = cur_lst
            num_moves += moves

            if DEBUG: print '%s, %s, %s (moves: %d)' % (cur_lst, [], [], moves)
            if list(reversed(sorted(lst))) != lst:
                print 'NOT SORTED: %s' % lst
                return
            if DEBUG: print

            # Verify that the modified list of moves is still valid
            verify(cur_lst, move.history)
        end_moves = num_moves - start_moves
        end_tasks = num_tasks - start_tasks
        print 'Length %d\nMoves: %d\nTasks: %d\nMax: %d (%s)\nAverage: %.3f\n' % (n, end_moves, end_tasks, max_move, max_main, 1.0*end_moves/end_tasks)
    print '--------------'
    print 'Overall\nMoves: %d\nTasks: %d\nAverage: %.3f' % (num_moves, num_tasks, 1.0*num_moves/num_tasks)

# Old sort method, which assumes we can only see the top of the stack
def sort(main, max_stack, a_stack):
    height = len(main)
    largest = -1
    num_moves = 0
    a_stack_second_el = 10**10
    for i in range(height):
        if len(main)==0:
            break
        el = main[-1]
        if el > largest: # We found a new maximum element
            if i < height-1: # Process only if it is not at the bottom of main stack
                largest = el
                if len(a_stack)>0 and a_stack[-1] < max_stack[-1] < a_stack_second_el:
                    a_stack_second_el = max_stack[-1]
                # Move aux stack to max stack then reverse the role
                num_moves += help_to_help(a_stack, max_stack, main)
                max_stack, a_stack = a_stack, max_stack
                if DEBUG: print 'Moved max_stack to a_stack: %s, %s, %s (moves: %d)' % (main, max_stack, a_stack, num_moves)
                num_moves += move(main, max_stack)
                if DEBUG: print 'Moved el to max_stack: %s, %s, %s (moves: %d)' % (main, max_stack, a_stack, num_moves)
        elif el == largest:
            # The maximum element is the same as in max stack, append
            if i < height-1: # Only if the maximum element is not at the bottom
                num_moves += move(main, max_stack)
        elif len(a_stack)==0 or el <= a_stack[-1]:
            # Current element is the same as in aux stack, append
            if len(a_stack)>0 and el < a_stack[-1]:
                a_stack_second_el = a_stack[-1]
            num_moves += move(main, a_stack)
        elif a_stack[-1] < el <= a_stack_second_el:
            # Current element is larger, but smaller than the next largest element
            # Step 1
            # Move the smallest element(s) in aux stack into max stack
            amount = 0
            while len(a_stack)>0 and a_stack[-1] != a_stack_second_el:
                num_moves += move(a_stack, max_stack)
                amount += 1

            # Step 2
            # Move all elements in main stack that is between the smallest
            # element in aux stack and current element
            while len(main)>0 and max_stack[-1] <= main[-1] <= el:
                if max_stack[-1] < main[-1] < a_stack_second_el:
                    a_stack_second_el = main[-1]
                num_moves += move(main, a_stack)
                el = a_stack[-1]

            # Step 3
            # Put the smallest element(s) back
            for i in range(amount):
                num_moves += move(max_stack, a_stack)
        else: # Find a location in aux stack to put current element
            # Step 1
            # Move all elements into max stack as long as it will still
            # fulfill the Hanoi condition on max stack, AND
            # it should be greater than the smallest element in aux stack
            # So that we won't duplicate work, because in Step 2 we want
            # the main stack to contain the minimum element
            while len(main)>0 and a_stack[-1] < main[-1] <= max_stack[-1]:
                num_moves += move(main, max_stack)

            # Step 2
            # Pick the minimum between max stack and aux stack, move to main
            # This will essentially sort (in reverse) the elements into main
            # Don't move to main the element(s) found before Step 1, because
            # we want to move them to aux stack
            while True:
                if len(a_stack)>0 and a_stack[-1] < max_stack[-1]:
                    num_moves += move(a_stack, main)
                elif max_stack[-1] < el:
                    num_moves += move(max_stack, main)
                else:
                    break

            # Step 3
            # Move all elements in main into aux stack, as long as it
            # satisfies the Hanoi condition on aux stack
            while max_stack[-1] == el:
                num_moves += move(max_stack, a_stack)
            while len(main)>0 and main[-1] <= a_stack[-1]:
                if main[-1] < a_stack[-1] < a_stack_second_el:
                    a_stack_second_el = a_stack[-1]
                num_moves += move(main, a_stack)
        if DEBUG: print main, max_stack, a_stack
    # Now max stack contains largest element(s), aux stack the rest
    num_moves += push_to_main(max_stack, main)
    num_moves += move_to_main(a_stack, main, max_stack)
    return num_moves

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Java - 2129090 2083142 bergerak di 55986 array

The ideone Link .

Kerangka kerja untuk memastikan algoritma tersebut benar:

private final Deque<Integer> main = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();
private final Deque<Integer> help1 = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();
private final Deque<Integer> help2 = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();

private int taskCount = 0;
private int opCount = 0;

private void sort(List<Integer> input) {
    taskCount++;
    main.addAll(input);
    sortMain();
    verify();
    main.clear();
}

private void verify() {
    if (!help1.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("non-empty help1\n" + state());
    }
    if (!help2.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("non-empty help2\n" + state());
    }
    int last = 0;
    for (int i: main) {
        if (last > i) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("unsorted main: " + main);
        }
        last = i;
    }
}

private void done() {
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print(opCount + "/" + taskCount);
}

private void move(Deque<Integer> from, Deque<Integer> to) {
    if (from == to) throw new IllegalArgumentException("moving from/to " + from);
    Integer i = from.pop();
    if (to != main && !to.isEmpty() && i > to.peek()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
                from + " " + i + " -> " + to);
    }
    to.push(i);
    opCount++;
}

private String name(Deque<Integer> stack) {
    return stack == help1 ? "help1" :
           stack == help2 ? "help2" :
           "main";
}

private String state() {
    return "main:  " + main + 
            "\nhelp1: " + help1 +
            "\nhelp2: " + help2;
}

Algoritma yang sebenarnya:

private void ensureMain(Deque<Integer> stack) {
    if (stack != main) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected main, got " + name(stack) + "\n" + state());
    }
}

private void ensureHelp(Deque<Integer> stack) {
    if (stack == main) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected help, got main\n" + state());
    }
}

private void ensureHelpers(Deque<Integer> stack1, Deque<Integer> stack2) {
    ensureHelp(stack1);
    ensureHelp(stack2);
}

private void sortMain() {
    int height = main.size();
    int topIndex = height;
    while (topIndex == height && height > 1) {
        topIndex = lastIndexOfLargest(height, main);
        height--;
    }
    if (topIndex == height) { 
        // is already sorted
        return;
    }
    // split stack at largest element
    int part1Count = topIndex;
    int part2Count = height - topIndex;
    // move largest and first part to help 1
    moveFromMain(part1Count+1, help1, help2);
    // merge both parts to help 2, leaving largest on 1
    mergeToHelp(part2Count, main, part1Count, help1, help2);
    // move largest to main
    move(help1, main);
    // move remaining to main
    moveToMain(height, help2, help1);
}

/** Moves elements from main to helper, sorting them */
private void moveFromMain(int amount, Deque<Integer> target, Deque<Integer> help) {
    if (amount < 1) return;
    ensureHelpers(target, help);
    int topIndex = lastIndexOfLargest(amount, main);
    int part1Count = topIndex;
    int part2Count = amount - topIndex - 1;
    // move first part to help
    moveFromMain(part1Count, help, target);
    // move largest to target
    move(main, target);
    // merge both parts to target
    mergeToHelp(part2Count, main, part1Count, help, target);
}

/** Moves elements from helper to main, keeping them sorted */
private void moveToMain(int amount, Deque<Integer> source, Deque<Integer> help) {
    if (amount < 1) return;
    ensureHelpers(source, help);
    moveHelper(amount-1, source, help);
    move(source, main);
    moveToMain(amount-1, help, source);
}

/** Moves elements between helpers */
private void moveHelper(int amount, Deque<Integer> source, Deque<Integer> target) {
    pushToMain(amount, source);
    popFromMain(amount, target);
}

/** Merges top of main and helper to other helper */
private void mergeToHelp(int mainAmount, Deque<Integer> main, int helpAmount, Deque<Integer> help, Deque<Integer> target) {
    ensureMain(main);
    ensureHelpers(help, target);
    if (mainAmount < 0) mainAmount = 0;
    if (helpAmount < 0) helpAmount = 0;
    while (mainAmount > 0 || helpAmount > 0) {
        // while there is something to merge
        int largestMain = valueOfLargest(mainAmount, main);
        int largestHelp = valueOfLargest(helpAmount, help);
        if (largestMain > largestHelp) {
            // largest is in main
            int index = firstIndexOfLargest(mainAmount, main);
            if (index > 0) {
                // move excess to help:
                int mainTop = index;
                int helpTop = elementsSmallerThan(help, largestMain);
                if (helpTop > 0) {
                    // 1. move top of help to target
                    moveHelper(helpTop, help, target);
                    // 2. merge old top with excess from main
                    mergeToHelp(mainTop, main, helpTop, target, help);
                } else {
                    moveFromMain(mainTop, help, target);
                }
                mainAmount -= mainTop;
                helpAmount += mainTop;
            }
            move(main, target);
            mainAmount--;
        } else {
            // largest is at bottom of help
            int helpTop = helpAmount - 1; // largest is at bottom
            // move top to main
            pushToMain(helpTop, help);
            mainAmount += helpTop;
            // move largest to target
            move(help, target);
            helpAmount = 0;
        }
    }
}

private void pushToMain(int amount, Deque<Integer> from) {
    for (; amount > 0; amount--) move(from, main);
}

private void popFromMain(int amount, Deque<Integer> to) {
    for (; amount > 0; amount--) move(main, to);
}

private int firstIndexOfLargest(int height, Deque<Integer> stack) {
    if (height == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height == 0");
    int topValue = 0;
    int topIndex = 0;
    int i = 0;
    for (Integer e: stack) {
        if (e > topValue) {
            topValue = e;
            topIndex = i;
        }
        if (++i == height) break;
    }
    return topIndex;
}

private int lastIndexOfLargest(int height, Deque<Integer> stack) {
    if (height == 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height == 0");
    int topValue = 0;
    int topIndex = 0;
    int i = 0;
    for (Integer e: stack) {
        if (e >= topValue) {
            topValue = e;
            topIndex = i;
        }
        if (++i == height) break;
    }
    return topIndex;
}

private int valueOfLargest(int height, Deque<Integer> stack) {
    int v = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    for (Integer e: stack) {
        if (height-- == 0) break;
        if (e > v) v = e;
    }
    return v;
}

private int elementsSmallerThan(Deque<Integer> stack, int value) {
    int i = 0;
    for (Integer e: stack) {
        if (e >= value) return i;
        i++;
    }
    return i;
}

Testcase:

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    HanoiSort hanoi = new HanoiSort();
    int N = 6;
    for (int len = 1; len <= N; len++) {
        Integer[] input = new Integer[len];
        List<Integer> inputList = Arrays.asList(input);
        int max = N;
        for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) max *= N;
        for (int run = 0; run < max; run++) {
            int n = run;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; n /= N, i++) {
                input[i] = (n % N)+1;
            }
            try {
                hanoi.sort(inputList);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(inputList);
                e.printStackTrace(System.out);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    hanoi.done();
}

C / C ++ Tidak mengukur gerakan (pasak: p1, p2, p3) Tidak tahu cara menambahkan kode C ++ yang menggunakan STL (masalah formating). Kehilangan bagian kode karena format tag html dalam kode.

1. Dapatkan n: jumlah elemen tersortir teratas di p1
2. Lakukan perpindahan hanoi dari mereka (n) ke p3 menggunakan p2 (menjaga properti yang diurutkan)
3. Pindahkan m elem berikutnya (minimal 1) dalam urutan terbalik dari p1 ke p2.

4. Gabungkan pindahkan (n + m) data dalam p2 & p3 ke p1.

        4.1 merge sort p2 & P3 (reverse) to p1
        4.2 move (n+m) to p3
        4.3 hanoi p3 to p1 using p2
   

5. Panggil hanoi sortir secara rekursif yang akan mengurutkan setidaknya n + m + 1 elemen sekarang.
6. Berhenti ketika n = ukuran p1.

#termasuk 
#termasuk 
menggunakan namespace std;
/ ************************************************* ******************************* 
   Tampilkan vektornya (Harus kebetulan cout
************************************************ ***************************** /    

void show (p vektor, pesan string)
{
   vektor :: iterator itu;
   printf ("% s \ n", msg.c_str ());
   untuk (it = p.begin (); itu & fr, vektor & antar, vektor & ke, int n) {
   int d1;
   if (n & p1, vektor & p2, vektor & p3) {
   int d3, d2, d1;
   int count, n;
   bool d2_added;

   d2 = p2.back (); p2.pop_back ();
   // data akan turun di p1
   d2_added = false;
   while (p3.size ()> 0) {
      d3 = p3.back (); p3.pop_back ();
      if (d2_added == false && d2 0) {
      d1 = p1.back (); p1.pop_back ();
      p3.push_back (d1);
      --menghitung;
   }
   // Pindah kembali dengan hanoi dari p3 ke p1
   // gunakan p2 sebagai antar
   hanoi (p3, p2, p1, n);
}
/ ************************************************* ******************************
   Mendapat hitungan elemen yang diurutkan pertama
************************************************ ***************************** /    
int get_top_sorted_count (vektor & p1) {
   vektor :: iterator itu;
   int prev = 0;
   int n = 1;

   untuk (it = --p1.end (); it> = p1.begin (); --it) {
     if (it == --p1.end ()) {
    prev = * it;
        terus;
     }
     if (* it & p1, vector & p2, vector & p3) {
    int n, d1;
    n = get_top_sorted_count (p1);
    if (n == p1.size ()) {
       kembali;
    }
    hanoi (p1, p2, p3, n);
    p2.push_back (p1.back ());
    p1.pop_back ();
    merge_move (p1, p2, p3);
    hanoi_sort (p1, p2, p3);
}
/ ************************************************* ******************************    
    Mengurutkan umpan pada hanoi
************************************************ ***************************** /    
int main (void)
{
  vektor p1, p2, p3;
  p1.push_back (5);
  p1.push_back (4);
  p1.push_back (7);
  p1.push_back (3);
  p1.push_back (8);
  p1.push_back (2);
  show (p1, "... Bef Sort ...");
  hanoi_sort (p1, p2, p3);
  show (p1, "... Aft Sort ...");
}