Misi Anda adalah menulis fungsi / program yang mengubah array byte (yaitu: array bilangan bulat dari 0 hingga 255), menjadi base64.

Menggunakan enkode base64 bawaan tidak diizinkan.

Implementasi base64 yang diperlukan adalah RFC 2045. (menggunakan "+", "/", dan padding wajib dengan "=")

Kode terpendek (dalam byte) menang!

Contoh:

Input (array int): [99, 97, 102, 195, 169]

Output (string): Y2Fmw6k=

JavaScript, 177 187 198 karakter

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87)))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Untuk menambahkan linebreak,, \r\nsetelah setiap karakter ke-76, tambahkan 23 karakter ke kode:

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Kode demo:

var encode = function(d,a,e,b,c,f){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c};

//OP test case
console.log(encode([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])); // outputs "Y2Fmw6k=".

//Quote from Hobbes' Leviathan:
console.log(
 encode(
  ("Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from " +
   "other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight " +
   "in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short " +
   "vehemence of any carnal pleasure.")
  .split('').map(function(i){return i.charCodeAt(0)})
 )
);

Perakitan x86 32-bit, 59 byte

Kode byte:

66 B8 0D 0A 66 AB 6A 14 5A 4A 74 F4 AD 4E 45 0F C8 6A 04 59 C1 C0 06 24 3F 3C 3E 72 05 C0
E0 02 2C 0E 2C 04 3C 30 7D 08 04 45 3C 5A 76 02 04 06 AA 4D E0 E0 75 D3 B0 3D F3 AA C3

Membongkar:

b64_newline:
    mov     ax, 0a0dh
    stosw
b64encode:
    push    (76 shr 2) + 1
    pop     edx
b64_outer:
    dec     edx
    je      b64_newline
    lodsd
    dec     esi
    inc     ebp
    bswap   eax
    push    4
    pop     ecx
b64_inner:
    rol     eax, 6
    and     al, 3fh
    cmp     al, 3eh
    jb      b64_testchar
    shl     al, 2     ;'+' and '/' differ by only 1 bit
    sub     al, ((3eh shl 2) + 'A' - '+') and 0ffh
b64_testchar:
    sub     al, 4
    cmp     al, '0'
    jnl     b64_store ;l not b because '/' is still < 0 here
    add     al, 'A' + 4
    cmp     al, 'Z'
    jbe     b64_store
    add     al, 'a' - 'Z' - 1
b64_store:
    stosb
    dec     ebp
    loopne  b64_inner
    jne     b64_outer
    mov     al, '='
    rep     stosb
    ret

Panggil kode b64 dengan esi menunjuk ke buffer input, dan menunjuk ke buffer output.

Itu bisa dibuat lebih kecil jika pembungkus garis tidak digunakan.

perl, 126 byte

membaca stdin, output ke stdout

$/=$\;print map{$l=y///c/2%3;[A..Z,a..z,0..9,"+","/"]->[oct"0b".substr$_.0 x4,0,6],$l?"="x(3-$l):""}unpack("B*",<>)=~/.{1,6}/g

ungolfed:

my @x = ('A'..'Z','a'..'z',0..9,'+','/');
my $in = join '', <>;
my $bits = unpack 'B*', $in;
my @six_bit_groups = $bits =~ /.{1,6}/g;
for my $sixbits (@six_bit_groups) {
  next unless defined $sixbits;
  $l=length($sixbits)/2%3;
  my $zero_padded = $sixbits . ( "0" x 4 );
  my $padded_bits = substr( $zero_padded, 0, 6 );
  my $six_bit_int = oct "0b" . $padded_bits;
  print $x[$six_bit_int];
  print "=" x (3 - $l)  if  $l;
}

Perl, 147 byte

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

Fungsi mengambil daftar bilangan bulat sebagai input dan output string, base64 disandikan.

Contoh:

print b(99, 97, 102, 195, 169)

cetakan

Y2Fmw6kA

Tidak Disatukan:

Versi yang juga memvisualisasikan langkah-langkah perantara:

sub b {
    # input array: @_
    # number of elements: $#_ + 1 ($#_ is zero-based index of last element in 
    $fillbytes = (3 - ($#_ + 1) % 3) % 3;
      # calculate the number for the needed fill bytes
      print "fillbytes:       $fillbytes\n";
    $byte_string = pack 'C*', @_;
      # the numbers are packed as octets to a binary string
      # (binary string not printed)
    $bit_string = unpack 'B*', $byte_string;
      # the binary string is converted to its bit representation, a string wit
      print "bit string:      \"$bit_string\"\n";
    @six_bit_strings = $bit_string =~ /.{1,6}/g;
      # group in blocks of 6 bit
      print "6-bit strings:   [@six_bit_strings]\n";
    @index_positions = map { oct"0b$_" } @six_bit_strings;
      # convert bit string to number
      print "index positions: [@index_positions]\n";
    @alphabet = (A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/');
      # the alphabet for base64
    @output_chars = map { $alphabet[$_] } @index_positions;
      # output characters with wrong last characters that entirely derived fro
      print "output chars:    [@output_chars]\n";
    local $" = ''; #"
    $output_string = "@output_chars";
      # array to string without space between elements ($")
      print "output string:   \"$output_string\"\n";
    $result = $output_string .= '=' x $fillbytes;
      # add padding with trailing '=' characters
      print "result:          \"$result\"\n";
    $formatted_result = join "\r\n", $result =~ /.{1,76}/g;
      # maximum line length is 76 and line ends are "\r\n" according to RFC 2045
      print "formatted result:\n$formatted_result\n";
    return $formatted_result;
}

Keluaran:

fillbytes:       1
bit string:      "0110001101100001011001101100001110101001"
6-bit strings:   [011000 110110 000101 100110 110000 111010 1001]
index positions: [24 54 5 38 48 58 9]
output chars:    [Y 2 F m w 6 J]
output string:   "Y2Fmw6J"
result:          "Y2Fmw6J="
formatted result:
Y2Fmw6J=

Tes:

String tes berasal dari contoh dalam pertanyaan, contoh dalam artikel Wikipedia untuk Base64 .

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

sub test ($) {
   print b(map {ord($_)} $_[0] =~ /./sg), "\n\n";
}

my $str = <<'END_STR';
Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from
other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight
in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short
vehemence of any carnal pleasure.
END_STR
chomp $str;

test "\143\141\146\303\251";
test $str;
test "any carnal pleasure.";
test "any carnal pleasure";
test "any carnal pleasur";
test "any carnal pleasu";
test "any carnal pleas";
test "pleasure.";
test "leasure.";
test "easure.";
test "asure.";
test "sure.";

Hasil tes:

TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlz
IHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbQpvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2Yg
dGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodAppbiB0aGUgY29udGlu
dWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRo
ZSBzaG9ydAp2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZB==

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3F=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcD==

cGxlYXN1cmUu

bGVhc3VyZSO=

ZWFzdXJlLC==

YXN1cmUu

c3VyZSO=

Python, 234 karakter

def F(s):
 R=range;A=R(65,91)+R(97,123)+R(48,58)+[43,47];n=len(s);s+=[0,0];r='';i=0
 while i<n:
  if i%57<1:r+='\r\n'
  for j in R(4):r+=chr(A[s[i]*65536+s[i+1]*256+s[i+2]>>18-6*j&63])
  i+=3
 k=-n%3
 if k:r=r[:-k]+'='*k
 return r[2:]

GolfScript, 80 (77) byte

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>76/"\r
":n*

Di atas akan sesuai persis 76 karakter dalam satu baris, kecuali untuk baris terakhir. Semua jalur diakhiri oleh CRLF.

Perhatikan bahwa RFC 2045 menentukan variabel, panjang garis maksimum 76 karakter, sehingga dengan biaya keluaran yang cantik, kita dapat menghemat 3 byte tambahan.

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>{13]n+}/

Di atas akan mencetak satu karakter per baris, kecuali untuk baris terakhir, yang dapat berisi 0, 1 atau 2 =karakter. GolfScript juga akan menambahkan LF akhir, yang, menurut RFC 2045, harus diabaikan oleh perangkat lunak decoding.

Contoh

$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
Y2Fmw6k=^M$
$ echo [ {0..142} ] | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjJCUmJygpKissLS4vMDEyMzQ1Njc4^M$
OTo7PD0+P0BBQkNERUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWltcXV5fYGFiY2RlZmdoaWprbG1ub3Bx^M$
cnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+AgYKDhIWGh4iJiouMjY4=^M$
$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64-sneaky.gs | cat -A
Y^M$
2^M$
F^M$
m^M$
w^M$
6^M$
k^M$
=^M$
$

Bagaimana itu bekerja

~          # Interpret the input string.
.,~)3%:P   # Calculate the number of bytes missing to yield a multiple of 3 and save in “P”.
[0]*+      # Append that many zero bytes to the input array.
[4]3*\+    # Prepend 3 bytes to the input array to avoid issues with leading zeros.
256base    # Convert the input array into an integer.
64base     # Convert that integer to base 64.
{          # For each digit:
  '+/'     # Push '+/'.
  'A[a{:0' # Push 'A[a{:0'.
  {        # For each byte in 'A[a{:0':
    ,      # Push the array of all bytes up to that byte.
    ^      # Take the symmetric difference with the array below it.
  }/       # Result: 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
  =        # Retrieve the character corresponding to the digit.
}/         #
{;}P*'='P* # Replace the last “P” characters with a string containing that many “=” chars.
]          # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array.
4>         # Remove the first four, which correspond to the 3 prepended bytes.
76/        # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array and split into 76-byte chunks.
"\r\n":n*  # Join the chunks with separator CRLF and save CRLF as the new line terminator.

PHP , 200 byte

<?foreach($g=$_GET as$k=>$v)$b[$k/3^0]+=256**(2-$k%3)*$v;for(;$i<62;)$s.=chr($i%26+[65,97,48][$i++/26]);foreach($b as$k=>$v)for($i=4;$i--;$p++)$r.=("$s+/=")[count($g)*4/3<$p?64:($v/64**$i)%64];echo$r;

Cobalah online!

Anda bisa mengganti string ("$s+/=")dengan arrayarray_merge(range(A,Z),range(a,z),range(0,9),["+","/","="])

Hanya untuk membandingkan jumlah byte yang dapat dicapai dengan built-in yang tidak diizinkan

PHP , 45 byte

<?=base64_encode(join(array_map(chr,$_GET)));

Cobalah online!

JavaScript (ES6), 220B

f=a=>{for(s=a.map(e=>('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(e=>'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]).join('')+p}

Jika browser Anda tidak mendukung ES6, Anda dapat mencoba versi ini (262B):

function f(a){for(s=a.map(function(e){return ('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)}).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(function(e){return 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]}).join('')+p}

f([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])kembali "Y2Fmw6k=".

Python - 310, 333

def e(b):
  l=len;c="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";r=p="";d=l(b)%3
  if d>0:d=abs(d-3);p+="="*d;b+=[0]*d
  for i in range(0,l(b)-1,3):
    if l(r)%76==0:r+="\r\n"
    n=(b[i]<<16)+(b[i+1]<<8)+b[i+2];x=(n>>18)&63,(n>>12)&63,(n>>6)&63,n&63;r+=c[x[0]]+c[x[1]]+c[x[2]]+c[x[3]]
  return r[:l(r)-l(p)]+p

Agak tidak terserang:

def e( b ):
    c = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
    r = p = ""
    d = len( b ) % 3

    if d > 0:
        d = abs( d - 3 )
        p = "=" * d
        b + = [0] * d

    for i in range( 0, len( b ) - 1, 3 ):
        if len( r ) % 76 == 0:
            r += "\r\n"

        n = ( b[i] << 16 ) + ( b[i + 1] << 8 ) + b[i + 2]
        x = ( n >> 18 ) & 63, ( n >> 12 ) & 63, ( n >> 6) & 63, n & 63
        r += c[x[0]] + c[x[1]] + c[x[2]] + c[x[3]]

    return r[:len( r ) - len( p )] + p

Contoh :

Modul base64 built-in Python hanya digunakan dalam contoh ini untuk memastikan efungsi memiliki output yang benar, efungsi itu sendiri tidak menggunakannya.

from base64 import encodestring as enc

test = [ 99, 97, 102, 195, 169 ]
str  = "".join( chr( x ) for x in test )

control = enc( str ).strip()
output = e( test )

print output            # => Y2Fmw6k=
print control == output # => True

Jelly , 38 byte

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ

Cobalah online!

Karena (hampir) setiap jawaban lainnya mencakup persyaratan RFC2045 tentang "paling banyak 76 karakter per baris dengan garis yang berakhir \r\n", saya mengikutinya.

Bagaimana itu bekerja

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Monadic main link. Input: list of bytes

s3z0Z    Slice into 3-item chunks, transpose with 0 padding, transpose back
         Equivalent to "pad to length 3n, then slice into chunks"

µḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)    Convert each chunk to base64
 ḅ⁹b64         Convert base 256 to integer, then to base 64
      ‘ịØb     Increment (Jelly is 1-based) and index into base64 digits

FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z    Add correct "=" padding
F                  Flatten the list of strings to single string
 Ṗ      ¡          Repeat "remove last" n times, where
  ³LN%3¤             n = (- input length) % 3
         s4z”=Z    Pad "=" to length 4n, then slice into 4-item chunks

;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Add "\r\n" line separator
;€         Append to each line:
  “ƽ‘       Codepage-encoded list [13,10]
      Ọ    Apply `chr` to numbers; effectively add "\r\n"