Ruby 2.0
Dengan set operator [U, D, F, L], jumlah string yang paling sedikit dipilih untuk mengurutkan daftar adalah jumlah item dalam daftar dikurangi urutan umum terpanjang. Untuk menambahkan operator R, balikkan string dan terapkan aturan yang sama. Sayangnya, meminimalkan string yang dipilih tidak sama dengan meminimalkan jumlah operasi. Misalnya, untuk input 8 dd ww aa bb cc xx yy zz
, jawaban yang benar adalah ww D D D dd D D D
, tetapi jumlah operasi paling sedikit (yang memenuhi kriteria lain dalam pertanyaan) adalah cc F bb F aa F
. Ini berarti bahwa bagian yang jauh lebih besar dari set jalur pengurutan yang mungkin perlu dieksplorasi.
Solusi ini menggunakan strategi pencarian mendalam-pertama dan pemangkasan alpha-beta. Sangat penting untuk menurunkan nilai alpha dengan cepat untuk meminimalkan kedalaman pencarian, jika tidak pohon pencarian akan meledak secara eksponensial. Misalnya untuk menentukan jalur pengurutan dengan skor minimum untuk contoh pengantar OP, mengurutkan bulan dalam urutan kalender ke urutan leksikal, mungkin akan memakan waktu beberapa dekade dengan metode penilaian saat ini dalam program ini. Program ini menemukan jumlah minimum string yang dipilih, 8, sangat cepat. Sayangnya, itu masih menyisakan pohon besar untuk dilalui.
Saya menggunakan gnome sort sebagai fungsi penilaian saya karena:
- mudah dimengerti dan dimodifikasi
- skor biasanya menyatu dengan alpha optimal dengan cepat
- implementasi ini lebih cepat dari implementasi fungsi LCS saya
- itu akan golf lebih baik daripada fungsi LCS
Angka 4 sudah cukup. Yang lainnya adalah bonus.
Untuk pencarian mendalam-pertama, urutan operasi dieksplorasi memiliki dampak signifikan pada waktu pencarian. Karena setiap set item N yang tidak kosong dapat diurutkan dengan operasi ≤ N-1 F (pertama) atau L (ast), operasi tersebut dicoba terlebih dahulu.
# gnome sort
def gnomeSort(a)
selects = 0
previous = nil
i = 1
while i < a.size
if a[i-1] <= a[i]
# the array a[0..i] is sorted
i += 1 # take another bite
else
if a[i] != previous
previous = a[i]
selects += 1
end
a[i], a[i-1] = a[i-1], a[i]
if (i > 1)
i -= 1
end
end
end
return selects
end
def score(a)
return gnomeSort(a.dup)
end
# squeeze out unnecessary operands
def consolidate(a)
# separate operands and operators
x = [] # operands
f = [] # operators
a.each_slice(2) { |a,b|
x << a
f << b
}
n = x.size # number of (operand operator) pairs
if n>=2
# replace all R operands with the lexically lower operand
# from the right or left
f.each_with_index{|v,i|
if v=='R'
leftOperand = x[i-1]
rightOperand = x[i+1]
# handle left & right edge cases
leftOperand = rightOperand.succ if i==0
rightOperand = leftOperand.succ if i>=n-1
x[i] = [leftOperand, rightOperand].min
end
}
# replace repeated operands with <nil>
x = x.chunk{|e|e}.map{|v|v[1].fill(nil,1)}.flatten
end
return [x, f]
end
@solutions = []
@operation = []
@operation[3] = ->(a, i) {
# swap a[i] and a[i-1]
return nil if i<1 || i>=a.size
v = a[i]
a[i-1], a[i] = a[i], a[i-1]
return [ v, 'U' ]
}
@operation[0] = ->(a, i) {
# move a[i] after a.last
return nil if i+1>=a.size
a.push(v=a.delete_at(i))
return [ v, 'L' ]
}
@operation[4] = ->(a, i) {
# reverse the whole array
v = a[i]
a.reverse!
return [ v, 'R' ]
}
@operation[1] = ->(a, i) {
# move a[i] before a.first
return nil if i<=0
a.unshift(v=a.delete_at(i))
return [ v, 'F' ]
}
@operation[2] = ->(a, i) {
# swap a[i] and a[i+1]
return nil if i<0 || i+1>=a.size
v = a[i]
a[i], a[i+1] = a[i+1], a[i]
return [ v, 'D' ]
}
def alphaSort(depth, a, selected, selects, sortPath)
depth += 1
return if selects > @alpha
return if selects>@alpha || selects+depth>a.size+1
if a.each_cons(2).all?{ |x, y| x <= y }
# found a sort path
@alpha = selects
@solutions << sortPath.flatten.compact
else
selectsFromHere = score(a)
if @alpha > selects+selectsFromHere
@alpha = selects+selectsFromHere
else
end
@operation.each do |op|
a.each_index do |i|
b = a.dup
branch = sortPath.dup << op[b,i]
alphaSort(depth, b, a[i], selects+(selected==a[i] ? 0 : 1), branch)
end
end
end
end
# input
a = ARGF.read.scan(/\w+/m) # alternative, $*[0].scan(/\w+/m)
a.shift # ignore the item count
# depth-first search of sort operations
@alpha = [a.size-1, score(a), score(a.reverse)+1].min + 1
alphaSort(0, a, nil, 0, [])
# winnow the set of solutions
# determine the minimum number of string selects to solve
# short-circuit if selects to solve is 0 (already sorted)
@solutions.map!{|v|consolidate v}
minSelects = @solutions.map{|v|v[0].compact.size}.min
if !minSelects
puts
exit
end
# keep only solutions with the minimum number of string selects
@solutions.reject!{ |v| v[0].compact.size > minSelects }
# determine the minimum number of moves in the remaining solutions
minMoves = @solutions.map{|v|v[1].size}.min
# keep only solutions with the minimum number of moves
@solutions.reject!{ |v| v[1].size > minMoves }
# beauty contest
# turn into strings
solutions = @solutions.map{|v|v[0].zip(v[1]).flatten.compact*' '}
# keep the shortest strings
minLength = solutions.map{|v|v.size}.min
solutions.reject!{ |v| v.size > minLength }
# print the string that "that comes first alphabetically"
puts solutions.sort.first
Itu melewati perl test TAP ini :
use strict;
use warnings;
use Test::More qw(no_plan);
#use Test::More tests => 61;
# solution executable
my $solver = 'ruby2.0 sortshort.rb';
my $nonTrivial = 1;
# "happy" path
# examples from OP
is( `echo 2 zz abc | $solver 2>&1`, "zz D\n", 'OP example #1');
is( `echo 3 cc bb aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa R\n", 'OP example #2');
is( `echo 4 abc def cd ccc | $solver 2>&1`, "abc L R\n", 'OP example #3');
is( `echo 6 rr mm nn oo qq pp | $solver 2>&1`, "pp U rr L\n", 'OP example #4');
# example from bizangles
is( `echo 6 xx aa dd bb ee cc | $solver 2>&1`, "dd L ee L xx L\n", 'wascally wabbit, challenges deep diver (from bizangles)');
SKIP: {
skip('non-trivial tests', 2) unless $nonTrivial;
# 7 item example; bizangles' python solution (circa 2014-08-22) requires higher sys.setrecursionlimit() and takes about 5 minutes
is( `echo 7 aa bb ee cc dd ff gg | $solver 2>&1`, "ee D D\n", 'shallow');
# minimizing the number of selects scores better than minimizing moves
# minimizing moves => cc F bb F aa F
# minimizing selects => dd D D D D ww D D D D, ww D D D dd D D D, ww L U U U dd D D D, etc.
# minimizing selects, then moves => ww D D D dd D D D
is( `echo 8 dd ww aa bb cc xx yy zz | $solver 2>&1`, "ww D D D dd D D D\n", 'joker, minimize selects before moves');
}
# exhaustive variations on a theme with 1 item ["aa"]
is( `echo 1 aa | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 1, #1');
# exhaustive variations on a theme with 2 items ["ab", "c"]
is( `echo 2 ab c | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 2, #1');
# test OP's requirement that a string be selected before reverse operation
is( `echo 2 c ab | $solver 2>&1`, "c D\n", 'permutations of 2, #2');
# exhaustive variations on a theme with 3 items ["five", "four", "three"]
is( `echo 3 five four three | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 3, #1');
is( `echo 3 five three four | $solver 2>&1`, "four U\n", 'permutations of 3, #2');
is( `echo 3 four five three | $solver 2>&1`, "five F\n", 'permutations of 3, #3');
is( `echo 3 four three five | $solver 2>&1`, "five F\n", 'permutations of 3, #4');
is( `echo 3 three five four | $solver 2>&1`, "three L\n", 'permutations of 3, #5');
is( `echo 3 three four five | $solver 2>&1`, "five R\n", 'permutations of 3, #6');
# selected variations on a theme with 5 items ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd", "ee"]
is( `echo 5 aa bb cc dd ee | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 5, #1, already sorted');
# two sort paths of length 1
is( `echo 5 aa bb cc ee dd | $solver 2>&1`, "dd U\n", 'permutations of 5, #2, single U or D');
is( `echo 5 aa bb ee cc dd | $solver 2>&1`, "ee L\n", 'permutations of 5, #4, single L');
is( `echo 5 bb cc aa dd ee | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F\n", 'permutations of 5, #31, single F');
is( `echo 5 ee dd cc bb aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa R\n", 'permutations of 5, #120, reverse sorted');
# exhaustive variations on a theme with 4 items ["aa", "bb", "cc", "dd"]
# sort paths of length 0
is( `echo 4 aa bb cc dd | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 4, #1');
# sort paths of length 1
is( `echo 4 aa bb dd cc | $solver 2>&1`, "cc U\n", 'permutations of 4, #2');
is( `echo 4 aa cc bb dd | $solver 2>&1`, "bb U\n", 'permutations of 4, #3');
is( `echo 4 aa dd bb cc | $solver 2>&1`, "dd L\n", 'permutations of 4, #5');
is( `echo 4 bb aa cc dd | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F\n", 'permutations of 4, #7');
is( `echo 4 bb cc aa dd | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F\n", 'permutations of 4, #9');
is( `echo 4 bb cc dd aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F\n", 'permutations of 4, #10');
is( `echo 4 dd aa bb cc | $solver 2>&1`, "dd L\n", 'permutations of 4, #19');
is( `echo 4 dd cc bb aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa R\n", 'permutations of 4, #24');
# sort paths of length 2
is( `echo 4 aa cc dd bb | $solver 2>&1`, "bb F D\n", 'permutations of 4, #4');
is( `echo 4 aa dd cc bb | $solver 2>&1`, "aa L R\n", 'permutations of 4, #6');
is( `echo 4 bb aa dd cc | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F cc U\n", 'permutations of 4, #8');
is( `echo 4 bb dd aa cc | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F cc U\n", 'permutations of 4, #11');
is( `echo 4 bb dd cc aa | $solver 2>&1`, "bb D D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #12');
is( `echo 4 cc aa bb dd | $solver 2>&1`, "cc D D\n", 'permutations of 4, #13');
is( `echo 4 cc aa dd bb | $solver 2>&1`, "bb F aa F\n", 'permutations of 4, #14');
is( `echo 4 cc bb aa dd | $solver 2>&1`, "dd F R\n", 'permutations of 4, #15');
is( `echo 4 cc bb dd aa | $solver 2>&1`, "dd F R\n", 'permutations of 4, #16');
is( `echo 4 cc dd aa bb | $solver 2>&1`, "bb F aa F\n", 'permutations of 4, #17');
is( `echo 4 cc dd bb aa | $solver 2>&1`, "cc D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #18');
is( `echo 4 dd aa cc bb | $solver 2>&1`, "aa L R\n", 'permutations of 4, #20');
is( `echo 4 dd bb aa cc | $solver 2>&1`, "cc F D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #21');
is( `echo 4 dd bb cc aa | $solver 2>&1`, "bb D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #22');
is( `echo 4 dd cc aa bb | $solver 2>&1`, "aa D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #23');
# variations on a theme with 4 items ["aaaaa", "bbbb", "ccc", "dd"]
# force choice by string length
is( `echo 4 ccc dd aaaaa bbbb | $solver 2>&1`, "ccc L dd L\n", 'permutations of 4, #17');
is( `echo 4 dd bbbb aaaaa ccc | $solver 2>&1`, "ccc F D R\n", 'permutations of 4, #21');
is( `echo 4 bbbb aaaaa dd ccc | $solver 2>&1`, "bbbb D dd D\n", 'permutations of 4, #8');
is( `echo 4 bbbb dd aaaaa ccc | $solver 2>&1`, "dd L bbbb D\n", 'permutations of 4, #11');
is( `echo 4 ccc aaaaa dd bbbb | $solver 2>&1`, "ccc L dd L\n", 'permutations of 4, #14');
is( `echo 4 ccc dd bbbb aaaaa | $solver 2>&1`, "dd F R\n", 'permutations of 4, #18');
is( `echo 4 dd aaaaa ccc bbbb | $solver 2>&1`, "aaaaa L R\n", 'permutations of 4, #20');
is( `echo 4 dd bbbb ccc aaaaa | $solver 2>&1`, "ccc R D\n", 'permutations of 4, #22');
is( `echo 4 dd ccc aaaaa bbbb | $solver 2>&1`, "bbbb R D\n", 'permutations of 4, #23');
# identical items in list
is( `echo 2 aa aa | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", '1 repeat #1');
is( `echo 3 aa aa bb | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", '1 repeat #2');
is( `echo 3 aa bb aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F\n", '1 repeat #3');
is( `echo 3 bb aa aa | $solver 2>&1`, "aa R\n", '1 repeat #4');
is( `echo 4 aa cc bb aa| $solver 2>&1`, "aa L R\n", '1 repeat #5');
is( `echo 5 cc bb aa bb cc | $solver 2>&1`, "aa F cc L\n", '2 repeats');
# "sad" path
# not explicitly excluded, so cover this case
# exhaustive variations on a theme with 0 items []
is( `echo 0 | $solver 2>&1`, "\n", 'permutations of 0, #1');
# "bad" path
# none!
exit 0;
A
yang tidak ada.