Python 2 dengan PIL
Ini masih agak dalam proses. Juga, kode di bawah ini adalah kekacauan spaghetti yang mengerikan, dan tidak boleh digunakan sebagai inspirasi. :)
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
from math import sqrt
from copy import copy
from random import shuffle, choice, seed
IN_FILE = "input.png"
OUT_FILE = "output.png"
LOGGING = True
GRAPHICAL_LOGGING = False
LOG_FILE_PREFIX = "out"
LOG_FILE_SUFFIX = ".png"
LOG_ROUND_INTERVAL = 150
LOG_FLIP_INTERVAL = 40000
N = 500
P = 30
BLUR_RADIUS = 3
FILAMENT_ROUND_INTERVAL = 5
seed(0) # Random seed
print("Opening input file...")
image = Image.open(IN_FILE).filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(BLUR_RADIUS))
pixels = {}
width, height = image.size
for i in range(width):
for j in range(height):
pixels[(i, j)] = image.getpixel((i, j))
def dist_rgb((a,b,c), (d,e,f)):
return (a-d)**2 + (b-e)**2 + (c-f)**2
def nbors((x,y)):
if 0 < x:
if 0 < y:
yield (x-1,y-1)
if y < height-1:
yield (x-1,y+1)
if x < width - 1:
if 0 < y:
yield (x+1,y-1)
if y < height-1:
yield (x+1,y+1)
def full_circ((x,y)):
return ((x+1,y), (x+1,y+1), (x,y+1), (x-1,y+1), (x-1,y), (x-1,y-1), (x,y-1), (x+1,y-1))
class Region:
def __init__(self):
self.points = set()
self.size = 0
self.sum = (0,0,0)
def flip_point(self, point):
sum_r, sum_g, sum_b = self.sum
r, g, b = pixels[point]
if point in self.points:
self.sum = (sum_r - r, sum_g - g, sum_b - b)
self.size -= 1
self.points.remove(point)
else:
self.sum = (sum_r + r, sum_g + g, sum_b + b)
self.size += 1
self.points.add(point)
def mean_with(self, color):
if color is None:
s = float(self.size)
r, g, b = self.sum
else:
s = float(self.size + 1)
r, g, b = map(lambda a,b: a+b, self.sum, color)
return (r/s, g/s, b/s)
print("Initializing regions...")
aspect_ratio = width / float(height)
a = int(sqrt(N)*aspect_ratio)
b = int(sqrt(N)/aspect_ratio)
num_components = a*b
owners = {}
regions = [Region() for i in range(P)]
borders = set()
nodes = [(i,j) for i in range(a) for j in range(b)]
shuffle(nodes)
node_values = {(i,j):None for i in range(a) for j in range(b)}
for i in range(P):
node_values[nodes[i]] = regions[i]
for (i,j) in nodes[P:]:
forbiddens = set()
for node in (i,j-1), (i,j+1), (i-1,j), (i+1,j):
if node in node_values and node_values[node] is not None:
forbiddens.add(node_values[node])
node_values[(i,j)] = choice(list(set(regions) - forbiddens))
for (i,j) in nodes:
for x in range((width*i)/a, (width*(i+1))/a):
for y in range((height*j)/b, (height*(j+1))/b):
owner = node_values[(i,j)]
owner.flip_point((x,y))
owners[(x,y)] = owner
def recalc_borders(point = None):
global borders
if point is None:
borders = set()
for i in range(width):
for j in range(height):
if (i,j) not in borders:
owner = owner_of((i,j))
for pt in nbors((i,j)):
if owner_of(pt) != owner:
borders.add((i,j))
borders.add(pt)
break
else:
for pt in nbors(point):
owner = owner_of(pt)
for pt2 in nbors(pt):
if owner_of(pt2) != owner:
borders.add(pt)
break
else:
borders.discard(pt)
def owner_of(point):
if 0 <= point[0] < width and 0 <= point[1] < height:
return owners[point]
else:
return None
# Status codes for analysis
SINGLETON = 0
FILAMENT = 1
SWAPPABLE = 2
NOT_SWAPPABLE = 3
def analyze_nbors(point):
owner = owner_of(point)
circ = a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h = full_circ(point)
oa,ob,oc,od,oe,of,og,oh = map(owner_of, circ)
nbor_owners = set([oa,oc,oe,og])
if owner not in nbor_owners:
return SINGLETON, owner, nbor_owners - set([None])
if oc != oe == owner == oa != og != oc:
return FILAMENT, owner, set([og, oc]) - set([None])
if oe != oc == owner == og != oa != oe:
return FILAMENT, owner, set([oe, oa]) - set([None])
last_owner = oa
flips = {last_owner:0}
for (corner, side, corner_owner, side_owner) in (b,c,ob,oc), (d,e,od,oe), (f,g,of,og), (h,a,oh,oa):
if side_owner not in flips:
flips[side_owner] = 0
if side_owner != corner_owner or side_owner != last_owner:
flips[side_owner] += 1
flips[last_owner] += 1
last_owner = side_owner
candidates = set(own for own in flips if flips[own] == 2 and own is not None)
if owner in candidates:
return SWAPPABLE, owner, candidates - set([owner])
return NOT_SWAPPABLE, None, None
print("Calculating borders...")
recalc_borders()
print("Deforming regions...")
def assign_colors():
used_colors = {}
for region in regions:
r, g, b = region.mean_with(None)
r, g, b = int(round(r)), int(round(g)), int(round(b))
if (r,g,b) in used_colors:
for color in sorted([(r2, g2, b2) for r2 in range(256) for g2 in range(256) for b2 in range(256)], key=lambda color: dist_rgb(color, (r,g,b))):
if color not in used_colors:
used_colors[color] = region.points
break
else:
used_colors[(r,g,b)] = region.points
return used_colors
def make_image(colors):
img = Image.new("RGB", image.size)
for color in colors:
for point in colors[color]:
img.putpixel(point, color)
return img
# Round status labels
FULL_ROUND = 0
NEIGHBOR_ROUND = 1
FILAMENT_ROUND = 2
max_filament = None
next_search = set()
rounds = 0
points_flipped = 0
singletons = 0
filaments = 0
flip_milestone = 0
logs = 0
while True:
if LOGGING and (rounds % LOG_ROUND_INTERVAL == 0 or points_flipped >= flip_milestone):
print("Round %d of deformation:\n %d edit(s) so far, of which %d singleton removal(s) and %d filament cut(s)."%(rounds, points_flipped, singletons, filaments))
while points_flipped >= flip_milestone: flip_milestone += LOG_FLIP_INTERVAL
if GRAPHICAL_LOGGING:
make_image(assign_colors()).save(LOG_FILE_PREFIX + str(logs) + LOG_FILE_SUFFIX)
logs += 1
if max_filament is None or (round_status == NEIGHBOR_ROUND and rounds%FILAMENT_ROUND_INTERVAL != 0):
search_space, round_status = (next_search & borders, NEIGHBOR_ROUND) if next_search else (copy(borders), FULL_ROUND)
next_search = set()
max_filament = None
else:
round_status = FILAMENT_ROUND
search_space = set([max_filament[0]]) & borders
search_space = list(search_space)
shuffle(search_space)
for point in search_space:
status, owner, takers = analyze_nbors(point)
if (status == FILAMENT and num_components < N) or status in (SINGLETON, SWAPPABLE):
color = pixels[point]
takers_list = list(takers)
shuffle(takers_list)
for taker in takers_list:
dist = dist_rgb(color, owner.mean_with(None)) - dist_rgb(color, taker.mean_with(color))
if dist > 0:
if status != FILAMENT or round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
found = True
owner.flip_point(point)
taker.flip_point(point)
owners[point] = taker
recalc_borders(point)
next_search.add(point)
for nbor in full_circ(point):
next_search.add(nbor)
points_flipped += 1
if status == FILAMENT:
if round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
num_components += 1
filaments += 1
elif max_filament is None or max_filament[1] < dist:
max_filament = (point, dist)
if status == SINGLETON:
num_components -= 1
singletons += 1
break
rounds += 1
if round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
max_filament = None
if round_status == FULL_ROUND and max_filament is None and not next_search:
break
print("Deformation completed after %d rounds:\n %d edit(s), of which %d singleton removal(s) and %d filament cut(s)."%(rounds, points_flipped, singletons, filaments))
print("Assigning colors...")
used_colors = assign_colors()
print("Producing output...")
make_image(used_colors).save(OUT_FILE)
print("Done!")
Bagaimana itu bekerja
Program ini membagi kanvas menjadi beberapa Pwilayah, yang masing-masing terdiri dari sejumlah sel tanpa lubang. Awalnya, kanvas hanya dibagi menjadi kotak perkiraan, yang secara acak ditugaskan ke daerah. Kemudian, wilayah ini "cacat" dalam proses berulang, di mana piksel yang diberikan dapat mengubah wilayahnya jika
- perubahan akan mengurangi jarak RGB piksel dari warna rata-rata wilayah yang berisi itu, dan
- itu tidak merusak atau menggabungkan sel atau membuat lubang di dalamnya.
Kondisi terakhir dapat ditegakkan secara lokal, sehingga prosesnya sedikit seperti otomat seluler. Dengan cara ini, kita tidak perlu melakukan pathfinding atau semacamnya, yang mempercepat prosesnya. Namun, karena sel-sel tidak dapat dipecah, beberapa dari mereka berakhir sebagai "filamen" yang membatasi sel-sel lain dan menghambat pertumbuhan mereka. Untuk mengatasinya, ada proses yang disebut "potongan filamen", yang kadang-kadang memecah sel berbentuk filamen menjadi dua, jika ada kurang dari Nsel pada waktu itu. Sel juga bisa menghilang jika ukurannya 1, dan ini membuat ruang untuk memotong filamen.
Proses berakhir ketika tidak ada piksel yang memiliki insentif untuk beralih wilayah, dan setelah itu, setiap wilayah hanya diwarnai dengan warna rata-rata. Biasanya akan ada beberapa filamen yang tersisa di output, seperti yang dapat dilihat pada contoh di bawah ini, terutama di nebula.
P = 30, N = 500
Lebih banyak gambar nanti.
Beberapa sifat menarik dari program saya adalah bahwa itu probabilistik, sehingga hasilnya dapat bervariasi di antara berbagai proses, kecuali jika Anda menggunakan seed pseudorandom yang sama tentunya. Keacakan tidak penting, meskipun, saya hanya ingin menghindari artefak disengaja yang mungkin dihasilkan dari cara tertentu Python melintasi seperangkat koordinat atau sesuatu yang serupa. Program cenderung menggunakan semua Pwarna dan hampir semua Nsel, dan sel tidak pernah mengandung lubang dengan desain. Juga, proses deformasi cukup lambat. Bola berwarna membutuhkan waktu hampir 15 menit untuk diproduksi di mesin saya. Pada terbalik, Anda menghidupkanGRAPHICAL_LOGGINGopsi, Anda akan mendapatkan serangkaian gambar keren dari proses deformasi. Saya membuat yang Mona Lisa menjadi animasi GIF (menyusut 50% untuk mengurangi ukuran file). Jika Anda melihat dari dekat ke wajah dan rambutnya, Anda dapat melihat proses pemotongan filamen.
