Diberikan urutan 625 bilangan bulat unsigned 32-bit (yaitu, dalam kisaran [0, 2**32)), output mana dari generator nomor pseudorandom berikut yang menghasilkan urutan:

Secara khusus, implementasi C dari tiga generator yang digunakan untuk tantangan ini adalah sebagai berikut:

#include <stdint.h>

/* all code adapted from the sample implementations on the following Wikipedia pages:
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorshift
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister
*/

uint32_t lcg_seed;
uint32_t xor_x, xor_y, xor_z, xor_w;

void lcg_srand(uint32_t seed) {
    lcg_seed = seed;
}

uint32_t lcg(void) {
    lcg_seed = ((uint64_t) lcg_seed * 1103515245 + 12345) & ( (uint64_t) 0xFFFFFFFF  );
    return (uint32_t) lcg_seed;
}

void xorshift128_srand(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t z, uint32_t w) {
    xor_x = x;
    xor_y = y;
    xor_z = z;
    xor_w = w;
}

uint32_t xorshift128(void) {
    uint32_t t = xor_x;
    t ^= t << 11;
    t ^= t >> 8;
    xor_x = xor_y; xor_y = xor_z; xor_z = xor_w;
    xor_w ^= xor_w >> 19;
    xor_w ^= t;
    return xor_w;
}

enum {
    // Assumes W = 32 (omitting this)
    N = 624,
    M = 397,
    R = 31,
    A = 0x9908B0DF,

    F = 1812433253,

    U = 11,
    // Assumes D = 0xFFFFFFFF (omitting this)

    S = 7,
    B = 0x9D2C5680,

    T = 15,
    C = 0xEFC60000,

    L = 18,

    MASK_LOWER = (1ull << R) - 1,
    MASK_UPPER = (1ull << R)
};

static uint32_t  mt[N];
static uint16_t  index;

// Re-init with a given seed
void mt_Initialize(const uint32_t seed) {
    uint32_t  i;

    mt[0] = seed;

    for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
        mt[i] = (F * (mt[i - 1] ^ (mt[i - 1] >> 30)) + i);
    }

    index = N;
}

static void mt_Twist() {
    uint32_t  i, x, xA;

    for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
        x = (mt[i] & MASK_UPPER) + (mt[(i + 1) % N] & MASK_LOWER);

        xA = x >> 1;

        if ( x & 0x1 )
            xA ^= A;

        mt[i] = mt[(i + M) % N] ^ xA;
    }

    index = 0;
}

// Obtain a 32-bit random number
uint32_t mt_ExtractU32() {
    uint32_t  y;
    int       i = index;

    if ( index >= N ) {
        mt_Twist();
        i = index;
    }

    y = mt[i];
    index = i + 1;

    y ^= (mt[i] >> U);
    y ^= (y << S) & B;
    y ^= (y << T) & C;
    y ^= (y >> L);

    return y;
}

Aturan

Input dan output mungkin dalam format yang jelas dan konsisten. Jika Anda tidak yakin apakah suatu format akan diizinkan, jangan ragu untuk bertanya.
Semua input dijamin sama persis dengan satu output PRNG (tidak akan pernah ada kasus di mana urutan input cocok dengan tidak lebih dari satu output PRNG).

Uji Kasus

Karena batas panjang posting, hanya 3 kasus uji yang disertakan. Daftar kasus uji yang lebih besar dapat ditemukan di sini . Perhatikan bahwa nilai diberikan dalam heksadesimal.

[CEE63876, DE7E2E77, 54EC3AE4, 92DEBB4D, D0756602, EE9D3B13, 04A42150, 0FE8BF49, 2BD7E04E, BB96756F, B9B2027C, B5750705, 9DD5B35A, E23EF98B, D15ACA68, C1C40E81, 35ABAB26, 2DA1A367, 36462514, 3CA211BD, E79753B2, A49B0F03, B3EA7E80, 64630CB9, BC22F8FE, D535985F, 14B902AC, EE9EBB75, A831A70A, 79C55B7B, F7099D98, 98AC99F1, D9CB29D6, 53C43457, 04C6FB44, 43DFE42D, 05A80D62, D86DBEF3, F9DA87B0, 99839629, 017D9DAE, 0B1B574F, A5586EDC, F2966BE5, B709E6BA, A160196B, D16B9CC8, FF46E161, 3BDFB486, 4CE4E147, BE01BD74, 6A2F329D, 99F29312, C7044AE3, 9A373CE0, 73515B99, 94E2CE5E, FA26B23F, 2883470C, 3ED31855, 7809726A, 64DE335B, 79A3C7F8, 5379E4D1, B9444B36, 92C2AA37, 6A496BA4, 84E6FD0D, FC81E4C2, 470DB2D3, 4F839E10, 45935D09, C40D8B0E, B4F6A92F, FDEC8B3C, 1C8BC0C5, D99B4A1A, E1CEA94B, 17951F28, BAECA441, 3C13EDE6, 0CDC8F27, 4CB105D4, ED1E437D, 1E210272, B8F8F6C3, FB02AB40, 63D09A79, 4178D3BE, B3EA3C1F, 58073B6C, 10B76535, BAEA6DCA, 37807B3B, 11E2A258, 93061FB1, EB299C96, 00719017, 130B8C04, EFAC05ED, 385AEC22, F6F516B3, D4B76470, 915013E9, D45FA86E, C5206B0F, 6C06579C, 4C0D05A5, 9BE1DD7A, 7702A92B, 3DEF5188, E0ED5721, DA205746, 0080AD07, 05EBFE34, 3D27445D, 7D7AA1D2, 44F112A3, 9B64C9A0, 7118C959, 08BD091E, FC7835FF, A1DCDFCC, 1B03A215, 4D2C992A, 9324331B, 0FDE2CB8, C1894A91, B9531DF6, DDC8E5F7, 38A55C64, 59E6FECD, C88B2382, 409BEA93, C48DDAD0, F5F1BAC9, DF4BF5CE, A3909CEF, C43DD3FC, 55D23A85, A035A0DA, 5074190B, CA9233E8, D980FA01, 85DCF0A6, 96C93AE7, B94AA694, 0E02353D, 4D577132, D1649E83, AC759800, D261E839, 7D876E7E, 29C89FDF, 309C342C, D06FCEF5, 1727F48A, 35415AFB, AFAE6718, C53B6571, 3998CF56, 47C0ABD7, C0AEDCC4, D54FE7AD, 486A8AE2, 187A2E73, C61F0130, E8B051A9, DDAA732E, 143F3ECF, 072B005C, CA935F65, 94EE943A, 799AF8EB, 2F95C648, 88DF8CE1, 7B21BA06, 1AAE38C7, E264FEF4, 4F67161D, AF0F7092, 60CB9A63, CB4D1660, BAE3F719, 7EB003DE, EDD379BF, 5ADD388C, 5FB3EBD5, 0D347FEA, F74FF2DB, 196B5178, 00547051, 4DD2B0B6, 3750E1B7, 3CC00D24, AF9EC08D, DF512242, 0F07E253, EC82D790, DAC3D889, 1453208E, 372450AF, 6165DCBC, F7087445, 3464B79A, 19EF48CB, CB1208A8, 4F410FC1, C1C6B366, B327A6A7, A8D30754, 2D0DE6FD, 4FFA9FF2, 919E0643, 010344C0, 59D6F5F9, 370EC93E, 5690C39F, A337ECEC, B387F8B5, 2FAA3B4A, CEC7FABB, 612CEBD8, 510C6B31, A3D8C216, 81718797, EA70ED84, 728B896D, 4096E9A2, 50BD0633, B6D15DF0, 39644F69, 141DFDEE, 8837D28F, 2B86691C, E3E97925, 44F00AFA, 74E908AB, E71EFB08, 08DD82A1, 2DA3DCC6, 632D8487, E02CBFB4, 0EAEA7DD, 6970FF52, 9E53E223, C2B02320, DA72E4D9, 1D7BBE9E, CDF87D7F, B844514C, 72A3F595, 8AE126AA, CD21729B, 870B3638, 119B5611, B5830376, D71A9D77, B3597DE4, E3CE424D, AB93E102, A6119A13, 10229450, 6DC9B649, B9E30B4E, DF71C46F, EA24A57C, 55EE6E05, 98E88E5A, EA00388B, B9D49D68, 0DECE581, 5E913626, 09B7D267, 080A2814, 980158BD, C0CA8EB2, 5D652E03, F16BB180, 63EFC3B9, F4CEE3FE, 1A02A75F, 749A65AC, FFBFE275, 3731420A, 1FD45A7B, 771E3098, 183930F1, C8A974D6, C5442357, 2D11BE44, 051EEB2D, EBA00862, 737D9DF3, 4F8E7AB0, DD2C0D29, 2E7A48AE, 70CA264F, 4DD891DC, CDCF52E5, 0EA641BA, F4ACD86B, 654AEFC8, 32A73861, C066BF86, 61BE9047, 4C034074, A8BDF99D, A75F4E12, 4149E9E3, DA4DEFE0, 19859299, CBE0395E, 5CA7413F, DED22A0C, 7993BF55, 58F28D6A, 1058B25B, 097DDAF8, B71DFBD1, EF241636, B4E61937, 9931AEA4, 1435840D, 58135FC2, B97911D3, 382D1110, E8C35409, E6BBB60E, CC38F82F, 333A2E3C, 884427C5, 9081251A, 2C66E84B, F799F228, C7447B41, 8AFC78E6, 0239BE27, 83B008D4, 5C9C8A7D, FA873D72, 587A15C3, 366EDE40, 1A6C5179, FD87BEBE, 13DE4B1F, 29839E6C, BAD78C35, 207D08CA, 04267A3B, 02423558, BC81B6B1, 06CAE796, EAF87F17, E5514F04, 8ACA0CED, D445E722, 147BF5B3, F9165770, EDC78AE9, A37F536E, DDB63A0F, A2E17A9C, 7E04ECA5, 14D1387A, 44A6682B, 6AD9A488, 97FCAE21, C22A6246, 5E215C07, 32A88134, 0B550B5D, 239A5CD2, 4D6DB1A3, 2AE67CA0, 81DC0059, 309D741E, 199FC4FF, B346C2CC, 5A434915, CA28B42A, 7CB5B21B, 11833FB8, 729C6191, B975E8F6, 887354F7, AB089F64, 1E9485CD, CF8F9E82, BCFE4993, 2D624DD0, 4570B1C9, 719D20CE, ED39EBEF, D16676FC, 63C9A185, 9DEE7BDA, 0CE3580B, A52206E8, ED07D101, 35C87BA6, C46D69E7, 8884A994, 489F7C3D, 17F0AC32, 669CBD83, 48CCCB00, 670C9F39, 57F9597E, A3E3AEDF, 06B3972C, AA8EF5F5, 9E4D8F8A, 177E59FB, D358FA18, 9FA5FC71, 7CFD1A56, 8A4E9AD7, 2FEF9FC4, C14CEEAD, 454885E2, 87780D73, DC28F430, 44F6C8A9, A9ED1E2E, 9EBC0DCF, 1F61235C, AA4A4665, 3A30EF3A, 7095B7EB, 788B1948, 8A9DE3E1, 81AEC506, 6015E7C7, 60DC81F4, E433DD1D, 58E22B92, 867F3963, 8D39C960, DD362E19, B2736EDE, 44A208BF, DA621B8C, BA7292D5, F1439AEA, 8DF871DB, CFDB6478, 85D68751, 93387BB6, C98250B7, 659E5024, A0AB478D, BCC89D42, E4614153, 78824A90, 3D91CF89, F1474B8E, F2349FAF, 19697FBC, 7E3EDB45, 03F0929A, 773587CB, A32CDBA8, B0F6E6C1, 0DB53E66, 3812D5A7, 43480A54, E9CA2DFD, F3C6DAF2, 2B8D2543, 614577C0, F390ACF9, CAE3B43E, E9D2D29F, 10EA4FEC, 54A61FB5, 2362D64A, B59BF9BB, 7B227ED8, E3660231, 0A000D16, FB067697, E9ACB084, 2667906D, 4967E4A2, E031E533, E18650F0, 7C79C669, 3883A8EE, 439BA18F, 78178C1C, C85F6025, 218565FA, 443AC7AB, CF1F4E08, 1C4AD9A1, 0DB3E7C6, 2F5C3387, 635F42B4, A11A6EDD, 81F6BA52, 703E8123, 9A07D620, B5541BD9, 7822299E, DD6E0C7F, B8E4344C, FFE19C95, A10341AA, 7FE0F19B, 35464938, F28C6D11, BB2BCE76, AFD30C77, 05B2C0E4, F839C94D, 8A7E5C02, 2361F913, 624D0750, 4AE6AD49, BC7A364E, 4AE9136F, 2003487C, 2D63D505, C547695A, 171D778B, 927A7068, 04D1BC81, 8182C126, 04EA0167, A0BA2B14, 8DDC9FBD, 28C9C9B2, 0B0B4D03, 7898E480, 29B87AB9, DD06CEFE, C56BB65F, 0CE7C8AC, FEDD0975, E27CDD0A, FA3F597B, 4A5EC398, 6981C7F1, 4C93BFD6, 54E01257, AF488144, F7D9F22D, AB640362, F2697CF3, B1EE6DB0, EE108429, 0602F3AE, 1C14F54F, 21C4B4DC, 0E0439E5, 2D8E9CBA, 4B55976B, 6F5642C8, 1EC38F61, 34F9CA86, 53B43F47, 86F0C374, 6FC8C09D, 99980912, 4E6B88E3, AA10A2E0, 53F5C999, 6869A45E, A3C3D03F, 738D0D0C, 50506655, 6C27A86A, 4E2F315B, F283EDF8, 7A7E12D1, 300FE136, 33258837, 8805F1A4, 43000B0D, 6370DAC2, 2DC070D3, F3828410, A72F4B09, E9F5E10E, 2717472F, B9F3D13C, 86F88EC5, A4B3001A, 585B274B, D3CAC528, 9A585241, BFF103E6, 92B2ED27, 4D9B0BD4, 4296D17D, 11B97872, 28D734C3, 47871140, 33440879, D522A9BE, D66E5A1F, 7F6C016C, AEF3B335, CE5BA3CA, C128793B, 51CDC858, D3B94DB1, A3783296, 6F9B6E17, DD831204, 336413ED, F5FCE222, 51DED4B3, B6214A70, B37B01E9, 892AFE6E, 37E8090F, 51289D9C, 70F8D3A5, 810C937A, D1A6272B, 19EFF788, 23C80521, 86406D46] -> LCG
[7D17504D, 9FED269B, 939C3D03, C8FCFA6C, 0FAE4E06, F9816896, 8B872680, A4878206, D92436EE, 2B133084, 9912A040, 011D96D6, F976435D, 4B53DBE7, 474F626D, AA09E774, E12E35C3, 347746E2, 0817160B, EDC0623A, 7DD0D26C, F31ECB62, 43093C44, AD3657AD, 568EB3D5, 53CE27BD, 592FDA9C, 46BB652B, 65886632, 475956F1, 60859FBC, FD8A3CBA, DB156CCF, 56764782, 1A424A8F, B681CA91, C682BB9A, 222CBE9F, 2A329E67, 925F0CF2, 41D22B48, 064DBDAB, B832DAA3, D26069CB, 023890A4, 69F3D5AD, 473AFDF2, 96C5EAEF, 50BEF523, A7171C24, 3752B059, 8E79B6CE, 29C95DCF, 362092EE, 94523C0B, D7DE2789, B49A3F98, 861F7C07, 83A8BAAB, A56C2738, C06FAAF2, BDED09BC, 7B568148, BFC73CFD, 024229CD, D73760D0, 18A4E7BF, 9E021082, 8D1D4ECE, E1408E5D, DEE614D5, 50EE898B, 37E2D666, D23584A1, 3C9B628E, 181D1647, 396DA2C4, 470339C4, A06BACB8, 503439DC, 041BCA9C, 5A881EC2, A77B7747, 567040AD, 8CE52FD5, 96814E85, EA3CD25D, 3E9D929F, 9BA3891E, 07CA0989, 0B689D17, D9B3FF8F, 5EDF76DE, 090EBACD, 46C11EDE, 00C8DE0E, A504314F, D9A02FF0, 97D9EDF4, D1A769AF, 55ADB49D, 8DAACE77, D544247B, 3F44C56D, 07759744, DC7738AB, 28E4B8A2, 31927F7E, 9AF601BF, FF21C02A, F20D56C4, 50C6AE74, 7A17A62A, 8BC619D2, 13E5C518, 76357C1E, B1D4A204, 0A673565, 3797FC34, EA9FA354, FE4FF881, CDB03630, 454E05EE, 52DC8B10, D3D6FA3A, 9F9B57C6, AACF50AE, 1CFDCAEC, 789EE463, 3DFEA9D1, ED64C4E0, 1F3CD90A, 900E9B72, 58761883, 93FE94A9, 6AF3FB55, 8EC22872, 66988B29, 01A4008F, F4787ABD, 6B665DF8, C905527E, E88493A9, DF1EB196, 86CEBE10, 65BB9A15, A96E54D0, 83D6D26A, 701BC23E, C9C9951A, 12DA9027, 27AA5594, 890E696D, 0CEA5C13, CA77AE01, BF04442E, 45BB17A2, 1BEFD1C2, 6C9F7318, F1276F91, 6CBC7010, 09B8DD84, 9E286818, 54B9C7AB, DB0A01DC, 1491B3C4, C92471E6, 533A73F6, D8B59CAC, 41231BED, AB62F96E, 2B478A37, 5F63230F, 06C6A77D, BAD38742, ADD2B41D, EBEF81F3, D8212EBC, FEEE4B6D, C6A47AF1, 51D39BCF, 80560B87, 0C6F8DC3, E9F90D4D, 2439FE5E, 1403C36D, 647255BB, 45C0AF1D, AEE062F5, A4F2C4EF, 52DB8247, 12237746, BF79483D, 8D9E3681, 03D954CF, 0A498AB5, 7F041361, 0352083E, CAE45BB7, 8CBE7C7C, D37EE991, 40FE1838, A82FCA73, D70D1E96, F31B5787, 4394AE04, 953E8857, 2A78CDC8, 03F6006F, E5F46A9B, 84E93A42, 6813B19A, DB55318F, 9DB338CC, 50453A12, A52FCEE1, D7844A82, D3F57DE6, AA195820, 719AD344, 84BF57AF, FCDD1093, 9C658F70, 3BC26F4B, 45BE45B3, 51F39C1F, E15D875E, C9CD1409, 7EE9435E, B3373BF8, BE5D3DB7, 1F911B29, 2B565836, 21B44E5F, 76537F5B, E18C6AEB, 78820904, FBC776FD, 16836779, 94DA8C70, FC787DC6, 3CC88C2A, 317D9C65, 71842F36, 4E2DFA8D, 36FC86BE, EBBFAAB0, BB12D56E, 9ACAA913, 48D10582, 5E2DCC02, 73B9DB0C, BCF46659, 7CC99950, 4CB40717, F168D436, EEB1A2EC, DE82A573, 32E28D0B, 859C2605, E6595298, 2D3BDA1D, 0B978064, 6F5F231D, 43BE71FC, B0A6A0A4, 07858274, 91540E52, 21D5BC15, A4F39B0B, 8F4E3BC3, BE5992E6, 32E0A42C, 0AF34AB8, F49DF806, 86218AD1, B1D79FFD, 21E1A5F5, 3AA73407, B05A4680, BD7F0F01, 919DDB56, 9299C26E, F095F8FB, B5D7E6EF, CAEFDC68, 9639FDE9, C9349DF5, C3DEFAA2, 7766722D, 2EE91F9D, 435FF480, 77601DA3, 33D3FE78, 55A01A68, E9E71FA8, 9E1D8A32, 329187B7, 67B7A8D7, B67CE1D6, C442A131, 7A502A31, A07BC4BC, F158F334, 20C28F07, DB38288C, A5184973, 93EFCFB7, A761D07A, BD07F052, DA336550, 374C9BD6, 9E077F45, 1C0089B7, 5D587682, 0E99C4D4, ABC16F15, B39406EB, 2DE69A7D, ED994471, 4D802710, 5E30D315, 471C9FDC, 6081E182, 2C75F225, F40524C5, 5744A7E6, 38A6D17D, BBC1E896, 663FD027, 14363091, 1A152653, AE24F8DF, 3602BBD4, 9315B73D, 20813CB2, A9EADA7D, 8A15088F, B487EAAF, 9DCA3421, 620C2CD7, 407F0169, CB26495B, 07810722, 04E8F991, BC24C42C, 45B12E62, 4A0689E1, 0961D541, 93FE75E5, 5FF09BC6, 21C75858, 260B4AFC, 463A4285, 9DCFCF2F, 86D14156, FAF1A7DA, 6E4BFC6B, 8D1EF03A, 81C9CB3E, F67163AA, C7E871AB, BD0DD64C, 72526AE8, 0F433B3B, 8BA27651, 58CE6EDF, B92A4A04, AFA624F9, 372EDFA2, 1CBDF70E, F72CE4F7, 69339707, 28A1864C, DB5701D1, 4BCC4D10, BEB260C1, 9A0502BD, F93FC1A5, D0B2B75F, FD2B71E0, 4F899412, 48BC46AF, 0DF108A8, ABF3DC87, A8D9E4EF, 02FA4665, 87CBBADA, B2E95940, D5702D6E, 056990CB, DFAEE7D6, 2775863A, 733AC4E7, 3A9CED83, 92A42D51, 196B2D69, BCD3CF5F, 61FEDDB3, D283BA78, 92C3C524, B0484914, 27CC09EB, E8532710, 643535DB, 96C7D0A0, D10310C2, A019C655, 6D4FA460, C5A53BB9, 0CE9A6CF, 62ACE269, 72D026F8, 9E44A3E8, DFDAB131, DA60BF09, 2974A55B, 9294187E, 98CD6024, 478A1CC3, CB583714, F93D91E9, 0A0202AA, 1D796B2D, 17931F01, 023476C3, 1839337D, CECF1354, 412B769B, E0089213, 317BF7B4, 8798177C, 9D1D36BA, 3921B700, D70921C7, 906DEFAD, E4B1B3FC, D01C81DD, 4E858500, B16A1BFA, D82D7078, EC0B10C9, 8EC425CD, 6F904A24, DC8D591E, 68B4971E, C7F13D88, 2ADD8E38, 9C2E67D4, 50EE1F28, 1EBD75C0, D8D79461, 37285868, 171F16FA, E2F972AC, 86E9860E, F37765A3, 1C3015F1, 357568C9, FF66419F, B77479AD, 2B776D2F, B5DA7BA8, 787DBE35, 6CD01986, FC5E1F26, 9A3F3C3E, 0F26B55A, E3D68111, EF7D1562, 8CC01A7F, B676E2D8, E1FF230E, E62EEC56, 6AB1010E, 6BD04EA2, 732FF785, E2F2E9EA, 00A93DCB, E9E5C622, E57A9744, 90B28FB8, D9BCBF00, 1EAFA6C3, 2F5ED2E5, 2B9557F9, 17EDA934, 74178CB4, AD07B129, 2CAC11EF, 5672B947, 9EC8ED11, 0ED68918, 42B9C244, 81C2F3D5, 58BB2699, E29FFADF, 6EB8AF2A, F872A573, 797CDB0A, 64289FF8, CF42ADA8, A276D00E, 3D4DEBC1, 1DBA64CF, C74FA53D, D3ADEB7A, 81EC012D, 4FBE91C3, F562B344, 492860A9, A82CE5C8, 13A74987, F3BF2024, F9983BD2, 3655838C, 1F971FB0, 1523A266, 2D5D4DBB, B78EE27F, 104301A1, 187BA15D, DF8C077C, 1FD19BE8, 1797DFBA, D223E55C, 6D2BAF83, FEB67715, 57750D76, 9AB10BC1, AAD6F8A3, E7953C33, 1874830A, 0A896CC6, 17879ED4, 59BD4CB3, E56DF85D, A4C3576A, 8F990C18, 3CF2118C, B6D7A95F, 0811C0E8, 4FAFF43E, E37DF236, E8EB2257, 6E7BA922, 5E45AED7, 52A50B6B, E3ED62F2, 506CF514, 232CDAD8, 59A87385, D1DA70B0, E629FBCA, A39607CD, B9B87C61, BBE5C416, 12BB8F0B, 01004AFE, 7B2165CB, EE71DBCD, 207CD2DF, 23283B94, 53570D07, 33981B13, F5B4DD95, 9722AC2C, 7CF6B4FA, 8F4578F4, DC4E44FC, 5E8FD095, 9717EEDA, 3331A614, 9DF66D2A, BDDD0D79, 95944526, 2B2B5086, 059AF7F4, 507984FB, 67F346A7, 162D85BF, C4DAF5D9, 5818EFE5, A5235C3F, DF593559, CC3E6756, 53C6DEF3, ECBBB210, FA5EA123, C5656DE9, A03102F0, 912B0FD4, 9E73F36B, 7097CF69, 58996509, 91059461, 90ECC581, 5ECEBC72, CDEC2B8F, 70F708CF, 86C10B9D, ADC71A1B, 01DBEC7F, C9A22DFB, 47B14AB1, D233979E, 0C5521B3, D4401837, 196924CC, 57A8CF18, F25524E7, 26001B3A, 761F1472, 67DEC5A6, 3CF7A7A6, 1A08B2C9, 943A897E, 05589DAA, 8413C030, DBD2B481, 9BE3A7FC, 5A97CCE7, 409F95C5, 0EA757EB, 88FDCD84] -> Xorshift
[4BB6DADF, 8EEF8EA3, 06E8FD49, 88A2AF49, E3269CD4, ECA4F09A, 3ADC8EFB, AA4DD059, AC3B1AAE, DA22C244, B67C2EC6, DFD9C12F, B4A6DBAF, 354C372C, 2C6CA407, 0AC93693, 725C7716, B439DF25, 7C04626F, 67824F17, 21EE364D, 77D8D72F, 4BF90371, 7BC3C716, 472A4204, B842AEFE, 38270462, 3B17B189, 22760085, 2A801D85, 8DE334B5, A72580F7, F187AA9B, 2E04DC0C, 8A701C0D, 471B61E6, 98F859D9, 9EBC2F45, 02544E96, C2785B15, 20623FAB, 8001F9B4, 0E438545, CFA2A2A5, 9DA35720, BAA84901, 908758C8, FCF5557F, F905B3B4, BE7DEBCD, FED08B1E, 7E9472CB, AC3A29C1, 5BED194F, B6932F25, 1C95E32D, 67E94371, D7CCB4CE, DF296D87, 6AAEF0F6, 8CFFF867, 093F9F79, FB280F6C, DE7735A8, 684C17B5, A0DA757E, 374EC162, 1764A62D, 82C244F6, 9E4583C7, 56F02388, 0018E400, 815A0F1E, FD80C932, 30EDD175, D37AF8D8, 7C8E4633, 7D8E4E5D, 660A7F79, 4C2C08BD, B6656A5B, CCFD6607, B0AA17FA, 060EE305, DEE9752F, B38BE439, F04EB964, D4E6C330, DCD4F7AB, DF7D83BF, 309047C6, 51FFC819, 9E59C7D6, 46821973, 01B47792, F800809B, 6050BB64, C13CB495, A305F788, 7AD27279, B7F9151F, 9F154C4F, D3F688F1, FF830866, A9C059A3, FFBF160E, EA8D827A, 1F1DA6E8, FDC52EFC, 5325CE11, 765B86EB, A852DC5C, 74ADAF62, 45BFACA5, 8E1FF6C3, 83ADCF0A, 91D6626E, 316008CC, 0DAD4110, C28EA37D, 5F077B03, AF70C5E3, 13A7C50C, 0A737B9D, E236FCBB, DDADB0C5, F4CAA3C8, 73679470, 87AE2E8E, EAA6ADA4, F30CCA79, 2B2FED65, 9B55A25D, 7317A6DB, D505929C, 0F90C693, 5CED397C, C1CB0AB9, C81895F1, 828D68BF, C2D0D855, 70585D86, 1ACD41B1, D8227B76, 1CB6DD69, B71EF185, 3EB11656, 6674378A, BA543682, 895A464E, B9E6CC48, FDAB6657, AB815F3B, A717AF55, 5826ABAB, 7CAF7DA1, 33EB26C0, 9367A48F, 32334888, 6BD35F76, 21F56A13, B7E72B51, 2B110FC2, A7A6ED6F, 1B2E72D1, 855EC1F3, A320F92E, 05609603, 5AA26082, 937BB417, F7A082EF, 370690A8, 074B4C00, EFB2EF14, A449B9F8, 9AA7E8A8, 3AEC4108, E5DDDB2A, C2CC4D30, 8589EB3D, 030ED83E, 4230E9B3, 619B03C0, E2B2BB64, 839A7C40, 2527B162, D03987D6, F8D66424, B950968F, F41E4D21, 9BAEEC89, DB8C65CD, D19F0371, 42507672, F133D6DC, 8FF10301, 6267E094, 339A1D5D, 3DD9DDE3, 139AA839, 440F8A94, 5E10CEAF, 60A1BA78, 02576968, 9AE7D81E, B9BF647E, F1698EC1, 5EC4890B, 88CF1A87, 9F3442AD, 4ED7DB9A, 08BD20C4, DA4B2F8E, 7EE018A9, 41968817, 519BE32C, 26CC3EFD, 1C3CBCBB, 551FC090, D06676D9, 02BF4E3F, 5B331917, AA121020, 840B84DD, 1C04DB26, 42DC049A, 58E92781, 95DA8984, CEDFF185, 149A43E5, 9B4CAAE7, 9E61CFFC, C33F9485, 2ABFE975, 75F8E915, 167D7A60, 1086ABF9, FE0B87DC, 095EFA20, 79FC720C, 99DB743E, 8F4B2F19, 00A9188A, B5DE7C2D, DAF3734B, CCAD1F47, 0C9DB549, 0158D55C, BCD5F151, 72A210D9, ABB80C09, 99934B39, F92DF281, A35193BD, C3CB4E8B, 322DBEE4, 26E2E30D, 36F25EDD, F1C8C5DC, 44B5C836, 878075ED, 1140849C, DEBA2848, 6B8D4AD7, 0209883A, AEFFDC8B, F7862944, F2CAE4AB, 77A1EB21, C77D6350, 4749AA23, 1ECDFD3C, 55D6943C, FC9B102A, 80363E80, C28E5369, 7E4BDC16, 8DDD321E, 46E4B844, 71169596, 6EC788CA, 508E25D4, A3249379, C5493848, 67ECFFDB, F6B03518, D4FE2A7D, D6C8D739, 7A93EC17, 84E2A797, 08CB6F22, D09D5BFF, 7FF783FD, 749A4AA7, 9EE69739, 01BB87ED, CDB15087, 32FE625F, 3C8E72C6, 2386A26E, 0F243847, F9E50890, D10F1EC5, 6E1C032D, CE27B59B, 84F2447B, 62AFD23B, 2361B77C, 1532E2F5, BC65F691, D8106771, BC9F8553, 94B67790, CE7F4B32, E36DAA85, D42336C1, 414ABF42, F5D5E7FA, B17620A4, D42A5D6C, E1118425, 17C4B3F2, EBDCB06E, 1F8F7F65, 0AD89423, 32848E5D, 0A5028D0, 463B71B1, E896017F, C1DA750C, DB89FC54, AF665A17, 11F5A446, 45F2DD58, 9C66340A, F4DB1D19, 87AFFD89, 75CA495D, DE608110, 78EC9F5C, 7840FE7C, 6F4DA231, 1CF2E830, CD521794, CE4F5EBA, 79B79437, 5A91D18E, 95F1D139, D9CA1102, E3822EB3, F7C52D20, F917AEEE, 5EDCD7BF, 4BD3725C, 94EE3441, 713CF5DF, 937E1AA9, 08926562, 084E8DD4, 41100547, 1C706FF6, 2ED60298, 0D2E30BA, 82FECB1F, 831BCCE8, 0CB829DB, 0C522998, E0AD92F6, F8969EA4, 386650CD, CA41F763, 7BB34065, D79B9F81, 967FBB17, 7C2F61B2, 7B4E9B33, 8359EDDA, 3201D25E, 5F41BAA6, D94A1FD8, 6E29F112, EDB7885C, C4F4380D, DAD428C7, 40609A88, 66DF9A6C, D61B84E4, C4C77436, D6F4B201, 1C0AD2D4, 3A69D216, 1DD70F43, C887E79C, 8579D94E, F2D069EA, 17B4926F, 55BE153C, A783F442, C03D53D2, 5ED56627, C114DB61, 9B0BFD2C, 825DDE34, 97523F35, EE476E00, EB2ED50C, 567BB078, 9B70520D, DC96668B, FCFD7253, 0197E3F8, 7785825E, 0B00322C, B510F809, 51FB92EE, B6F7D331, 2DE0AC32, 00B41A7B, A432B1FE, 94ED9578, 4B56F086, F8BEADE1, 8C899DF2, EAB17808, 240BF736, 7CBA75E0, E06E352C, 3BBD94E5, 427CB86A, 31CB345E, C1226EE3, F9F4697B, 8820CBB6, C3F9BB4C, 509D403F, 03990E8E, 6C5CCD8B, 24F235C0, C5FC6E59, 05E627C9, 4B0C0C96, 45A35E8E, BBF14335, 89B957A1, 3E272204, EC501927, 00ADCBC3, 13DC9199, A682B338, BE42D97C, F97E0F28, 8C1A6128, 76ED6951, D7D8B74F, 80A6C9D2, 87111413, 48268EB5, 69DDA6F7, 8900B2E1, DBF809E0, D50D7B42, 9716581E, A7AE9B6E, 52366624, 85BAF9A3, DE28F70A, 890E37EC, 7F82541D, 9BA2C144, 8766E737, EA8B0E73, 6BC46E1A, 04A2D3E8, F01716BB, 3D0F7338, 93282BAA, 3A9E51C0, 7B26AFBD, FA2B6A90, 36DD5832, 18161A71, FDE783A2, FF84185B, C251868E, 957CA33D, 6D2BD402, F7E61B15, BAAD0068, 8413463A, 63F0F132, 55FBBC6A, 58E3298D, 845AA664, 02D242A7, A456CEED, 2C198D04, 89A25422, 3A4CABFB, 9D24D792, DFBB850F, 76E30332, 58B59723, 1B1A6913, 9FB961E8, B363CA07, 9CC01B66, 00E9E1DF, 9AF48078, F67167D2, 5D8EBE54, F0819D2D, A003D04B, BD20E32A, 7647BD73, DE509593, E381BF67, BB5D56E0, 675636A1, 983C7C47, C7D92CF8, 335F0477, A6EE6787, F2A67D0E, 29D7F83A, 3DA85C1F, 8E31E016, 5FBEB7EA, 01F017A9, 021B93ED, 8E2AE731, 3391B82D, 6AFEC318, C1E9610D, B50DE358, 46E16C1F, D7A03E8A, 74E52044, 4797BCBC, 49FC24BC, 119F71CB, 51ADB9AC, 1F7A8641, 373911A6, 79424584, 2D69A297, 32859E0B, FF812B02, 2060307E, 6AD9173E, AFCB84DA, 4F5B70D0, 34A63D93, 6DBD6388, BBD76CFA, 94EE5483, 20214C3F, E45B9B77, 8B3192D9, 109D8CE6, 8EBA320B, 53FA8CE2, 56A4A45A, 61AB8FDB, 3ABFD0EB, F92E5F91, 3CBA25FE, C2E19318, 2E5DC1D6, 751C25DB, 572BBA47, DF53AB19, 407F623F, EB9E4EE6, C98E9BFD, DA77A48F, 79D4B4D2, E4320563, 2C1C4BA4, CDCCD4A9, 5B74662F, 3B74B8C1, B1792883, 88D53BDA, FDFAB951, D2D3F844, 199D47E1, 7500E432, B0C714BD, EC5CCDCB, EC949808, 9B39D67F, 15D138B8, 17FE54A4, AD28C768, FE473BF7, AE29CB10, C987A478, EE50D094, 10ED5447, E2BF7CCF, BDD93708, D57E6C1B, 01079D4B, 6C6C547F, 363A37F3, 6D4D828A, EE1622DE, AF1D8240, B068E4C1, 9C5901F8, 17822119, 3C7837B0, DEFFD993, 28FA9C3A, EAADDC4E, 05705400, 0046CB17, E843346D, 2F33C418, AF1A47BD, E4C12B9E, BC3F9B15, 01E90C74, DE0C8A00, 5D52587A] -> MT

— Mego
sumber

Pertanyaan yang bagus!

Jelly , 23 byte

^Ḋṫ4^^æ«11$æ»31ż&2\ḂS<4

Mengambil array bilangan bulat; mengembalikan [0, 1] untuk LCG , [1, 0] untuk Xorshift , dan [0, 0] untuk MT .

Cobalah online! (Permalink mungkin terlalu panjang untuk beberapa browser.)

Latar Belakang

Hal yang paling acak tentang LCG adalah dianggap sebagai PRNG. Sebagai permulaan, k bit negara bagian yang lebih rendah tidak terpengaruh oleh bit 32 k yang lebih tinggi , menjadikannya pilihan yang sangat buruk untuk sebagian besar aplikasi. Secara khusus, LSB dari status yang diperbarui hanya dipengaruhi oleh LSB dari yang sebelumnya, dan karena 1103515245 dan 12345 keduanya ganjil, angka yang dihasilkan akan mengikuti pola genap-ganjil-genap-ganjil.

Kelemahan Xorshift lebih halus, tetapi bit yang dihasilkan masih mengikuti persamaan linear sederhana. Mengingat lima kata yang dihasilkan berturut-turut w _k , w _{k + 1} , w _{k + 2} , w _{k + 3} , w _{k + 4} , (non-linear persamaan)
w _{k + 4} = w _{k + 3} ⊕ w _{k + 3} > > 19 ⊕ w _k ⊕ w _k ≪ 11 ⊕ (w _k ⊕ w _k ≪ 11) ≫ 8 memiliki definisi. Jika kita menghitung bit kata-kata ( 0 menjadi terendah, 31 adalah yang tertinggi), kita dapat mengamati bahwa (linear) persamaan w _{k, 20}⊕ w _{k, 31} ⊕w _{k + 3,31} ⊕ w _{k + 4,31} = 0 ditahan. Untuk memverifikasi ini, itu sudah cukup untuk mengamati bahwa kata-kata yang telah bergeser ke kanan tidak dapat mempengaruhi w _{k + 4,31} , bit yang paling signifikan dari w _{k + 4} .

Itu meninggalkan Twister Mersenne. Meskipun ada PRNG yang lebih baik (lebih cepat, kurang bias, atau keduanya), mengidentifikasi data yang dihasilkan oleh MT19937 jauh lebih rumit daripada dengan LCG dan Xorshift. Untungnya, kita tidak harus melakukannya. Jika data tidak cocok dengan salah satu dari dua pola sebelumnya, itu dihasilkan oleh Twister Mersenne.

Bagaimana itu bekerja

^Ḋṫ4^^æ«11$æ»31ż&2\ḂS<4  Main link. Argument: A (array of integers)

 Ḋ                       Dequeue; drop the first integer.
^                        XOR the k-th element of A with the k-th element of the
                         previous result, effectively computing the XOR of all
                         neighboring integers in A.
  ṫ4                     Tail; drop the first three elements of the result.
    ^                    XOR the remaining integers with the corr. integers in A.
      æ«11$              Yield the integers in A, shifted 11 times to the left.
     ^                   XOR the results to both sides.
           æ»31          Shift all results 31 times to the right.
                &2\      Yield A, pairwise reduced by bitwise AND.
               ż         Zip the results to both sides.
                   Ḃ     Bit; compute their parities.
                    S    Sum; add the parities of the results left and right to ż.
                     <4  Compare the sums with 4.
                         This is necessary since A and the various modifications
                         with dropped elements have different lengths, which
                         introduces a few garbage values.

— Dennis
sumber

^Ḋṫ4^^Mengapa saya melihat terlalu banyak pengulangan di sini? Saya mencium sesuatu, tetapi saya tidak yakin apakah ada cara yang lebih pendek dari XOR [...] XOR XOR.

— Erik the Outgolfer

Karena penasaran, seperti apa solusinya jika Anda harus mengidentifikasi urutan MT19337 (mungkin jika input tidak diharuskan dihasilkan dari salah satu dari tiga PRNG)?

— Mego

@Mego Jauh lebih rumit. Saya mungkin benar-benar harus mengimplementasikan MT19937.

— Dennis

Saya akan tertarik melihat solusi seperti itu, jika Anda tertarik untuk menulisnya. Ketika saya awalnya menulis tantangan, saya menganggap memiliki input yang mungkin tidak cocok dengan ketiga PRNG (yang akan membutuhkan validasi terhadap ketiganya, bukan hanya dua). Namun, saya memutuskan untuk tidak memasukkan kemungkinan itu karena saya khawatir itu akan membuat tantangan terlalu sulit.