Diberikan prosedur tersimpan (disederhanakan) seperti ini:
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate)
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
Jika Sale
tabelnya besar, maka SELECT
perlu waktu lama untuk dijalankan, tampaknya karena pengoptimal tidak dapat mengoptimalkan karena variabel lokal. Kami menguji menjalankan SELECT
bagian dengan variabel kemudian tanggal kode keras dan waktu eksekusi pergi dari ~ 9 menit menjadi ~ 1 detik.
Kami memiliki banyak prosedur tersimpan yang kueri berdasarkan rentang tanggal "tetap" (minggu, bulan, 8-minggu, dll) sehingga parameter inputnya hanya @endDate dan @startDate dihitung di dalam prosedur.
Pertanyaannya adalah, apa praktik terbaik untuk menghindari variabel dalam klausa WHERE agar tidak membahayakan pengoptimal?
Kemungkinan yang kami temukan ditunjukkan di bawah ini. Apakah ada praktik terbaik ini, atau ada cara lain?
Gunakan prosedur pembungkus untuk mengubah variabel menjadi parameter.
Parameter tidak mempengaruhi pengoptimal seperti halnya variabel lokal lakukan.
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate)
EXECUTE DateRangeProc @startDate, @endDate
END
CREATE PROCEDURE DateRangeProc(@startDate DATE, @endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
Gunakan SQL dinamis parameter.
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000) = N'
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
'
DECLARE @param NVARCHAR(4000) = N'@startDate DATE, @endDate DATE'
EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql, @param, @startDate = @startDate, @endDate = @endDate
END
Gunakan SQL dinamis "hard-coded".
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000) = N'
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
'
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@startDate', CONVERT(NCHAR(10), @startDate, 126))
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@endDate', CONVERT(NCHAR(10), @endDate, 126))
EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql
END
Gunakan DATEADD()
fungsinya secara langsung.
Saya tidak tertarik dengan ini karena fungsi panggilan di WHERE juga memengaruhi kinerja.
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate) AND @endDate
END
Gunakan parameter opsional.
Saya tidak yakin apakah menugaskan ke parameter akan memiliki masalah yang sama seperti menugaskan ke variabel, jadi ini mungkin bukan pilihan. Saya tidak terlalu suka solusi ini tetapi memasukkannya untuk kelengkapan.
CREATE PROCEDURE WeeklyProc(@endDate DATE, @startDate DATE = NULL)
AS
BEGIN
SET @startDate = DATEADD(DAY, -6, @endDate)
SELECT
-- Stuff
FROM Sale
WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
- Perbarui -
Terima kasih atas saran dan komentarnya. Setelah membacanya saya menjalankan beberapa tes pengaturan waktu dengan berbagai pendekatan. Saya menambahkan hasilnya di sini sebagai referensi.
Run 1 tanpa rencana. Run 2 segera setelah Run 1 dengan parameter yang persis sama sehingga akan menggunakan paket dari run 1.
Waktu NoProc adalah untuk menjalankan query SELECT secara manual di SSMS di luar prosedur tersimpan.
TestProc1-7 adalah pertanyaan dari pertanyaan awal.
TestProcA-B didasarkan pada saran Mikael Eriksson . Kolom dalam database adalah DATE jadi saya mencoba melewati parameter sebagai DATETIME dan berjalan dengan casting implisit (testProcA) dan casting eksplisit (testProcB).
TestProcC-D didasarkan pada saran dari Kenneth Fisher . Kami sudah menggunakan tabel pencarian tanggal untuk hal-hal lain, tetapi kami tidak memilikinya dengan kolom tertentu untuk setiap rentang periode. Variasi yang saya coba masih menggunakan ANTARA tetapi melakukannya pada tabel pencarian yang lebih kecil dan bergabung ke tabel yang lebih besar. Saya akan menyelidiki lebih lanjut, apakah kita dapat menggunakan tabel pencarian khusus, meskipun periode kita diperbaiki ada beberapa yang berbeda.
Total baris dalam tabel Penjualan: 136.424.366 Run 1 (ms) Run 2 (ms) Prosedur CPU yang Berlalu CPU Komentar yang Lewat Konstanta NoProc 6567 62199 2870 719 Permintaan manual dengan konstanta Variabel NoProc 9314 62424 3993 998 Permintaan manual dengan variabel testProc1 6801 62919 2871 736 Kisaran kode keras testProc2 8955 63190 3915 979 Parameter dan rentang variabel testProc3 8985 63152 3932 987 Prosedur wrapper dengan rentang parameter testProc4 9142 63939 3931 977 Parameter dinamis SQL testProc5 7269 62933 2933 728 SQL dinamis berkode keras testProc6 9266 63421 3915 984 Gunakan DATEADD pada DATE testProc7 2044 13950 1092 1087 Parameter Dummy testProcA 12120 61493 5491 1875 Gunakan DATEADD pada DATETIME tanpa CAST testProcB 8612 61949 3932 978 Gunakan DATEADD pada DATETIME dengan CAST testProcC 8861 61651 3917 993 Gunakan tabel pencarian, Jual dulu testProcD 8625 61740 3994 1031 Gunakan tabel pencarian, Dijual terakhir
Ini kode tesnya.
------ SETUP ------
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testDimDate', N'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE testDimDate
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc1', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc1
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc2', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc2
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc3', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc3
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc3a', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc3a
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc4', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc4
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc5', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc5
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc6', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc6
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProc7', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProc7
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProcA', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProcA
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProcB', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProcB
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProcC', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProcC
IF OBJECT_ID(N'testProcD', N'P') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE testProcD
GO
CREATE TABLE testDimDate
(
DateKey DATE NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_DimDate_DateKey UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED (DateKey ASC)
)
GO
DECLARE @dateTimeStart DATETIME = '2000-01-01'
DECLARE @dateTimeEnd DATETIME = '2100-01-01'
;WITH CTE AS
(
--Anchor member defined
SELECT @dateTimeStart FullDate
UNION ALL
--Recursive member defined referencing CTE
SELECT FullDate + 1 FROM CTE WHERE FullDate + 1 <= @dateTimeEnd
)
SELECT
CAST(FullDate AS DATE) AS DateKey
INTO #DimDate
FROM CTE
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0)
INSERT INTO testDimDate (DateKey)
SELECT DateKey FROM #DimDate ORDER BY DateKey ASC
DROP TABLE #DimDate
GO
-- Hard coded date range.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc1 AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN '2012-12-09' AND '2012-12-10'
END
GO
-- Parameter and variable date range.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc2(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
GO
-- Parameter date range.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc3a(@startDate DATE, @endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
GO
-- Wrapper procedure.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc3(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
EXEC testProc3a @startDate, @endDate
END
GO
-- Parameterized dynamic SQL.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc4(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000) = N'SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate'
DECLARE @param NVARCHAR(4000) = N'@startDate DATE, @endDate DATE'
EXEC sp_executesql @sql, @param, @startDate = @startDate, @endDate = @endDate
END
GO
-- Hard coded dynamic SQL.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc5(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000) = N'SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN ''@startDate'' AND ''@endDate'''
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@startDate', CONVERT(NCHAR(10), @startDate, 126))
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@endDate', CONVERT(NCHAR(10), @endDate, 126))
EXEC sp_executesql @sql
END
GO
-- Explicitly use DATEADD on a DATE.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc6(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate) AND @endDate
END
GO
-- Dummy parameter.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProc7(@endDate DATE, @startDate DATE = NULL) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SET @startDate = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
GO
-- Explicitly use DATEADD on a DATETIME with implicit CAST for comparison with SaleDate.
-- Based on the answer from Mikael Eriksson.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProcA(@endDateTime DATETIME) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDateTime) AND @endDateTime
END
GO
-- Explicitly use DATEADD on a DATETIME but CAST to DATE for comparison with SaleDate.
-- Based on the answer from Mikael Eriksson.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProcB(@endDateTime DATETIME) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN CAST(DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDateTime) AS DATE) AND CAST(@endDateTime AS DATE)
END
GO
-- Use a date lookup table, Sale first.
-- Based on the answer from Kenneth Fisher.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProcC(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale J INNER JOIN testDimDate D ON D.DateKey = J.SaleDate WHERE D.DateKey BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
GO
-- Use a date lookup table, Sale last.
-- Based on the answer from Kenneth Fisher.
CREATE PROCEDURE testProcD(@endDate DATE) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM testDimDate D INNER JOIN Sale J ON J.SaleDate = D.DateKey WHERE D.DateKey BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
END
GO
------ TEST ------
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
DECLARE @endDate DATE = '2012-12-10'
DECLARE @startDate DATE = DATEADD(DAY, -1, @endDate)
DBCC FREEPROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS WITH NO_INFOMSGS
RAISERROR('Run 1: NoProc with constants', 0, 0) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN '2012-12-09' AND '2012-12-10'
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
RAISERROR('Run 2: NoProc with constants', 0, 0) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN '2012-12-09' AND '2012-12-10'
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
DBCC FREEPROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS WITH NO_INFOMSGS
RAISERROR('Run 1: NoProc with variables', 0, 0) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
RAISERROR('Run 2: NoProc with variables', 0, 0) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
SELECT SUM(Value) FROM Sale WHERE SaleDate BETWEEN @startDate AND @endDate
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE _cursor CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT
procedures.name,
procedures.object_id
FROM sys.procedures
WHERE procedures.name LIKE 'testProc_'
ORDER BY procedures.name ASC
OPEN _cursor
DECLARE @name SYSNAME
DECLARE @object_id INT
FETCH NEXT FROM _cursor INTO @name, @object_id
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sql = CASE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sys.parameters WHERE object_id = @object_id)
WHEN 0 THEN @name
WHEN 1 THEN @name + ' ''@endDate'''
WHEN 2 THEN @name + ' ''@startDate'', ''@endDate'''
END
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@name', @name)
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@startDate', CONVERT(NVARCHAR(10), @startDate, 126))
SET @sql = REPLACE(@sql, '@endDate', CONVERT(NVARCHAR(10), @endDate, 126))
DBCC FREEPROCCACHE WITH NO_INFOMSGS
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS WITH NO_INFOMSGS
RAISERROR('Run 1: %s', 0, 0, @sql) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
EXEC sp_executesql @sql
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
RAISERROR('Run 2: %s', 0, 0, @sql) WITH NOWAIT
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
EXEC sp_executesql @sql
SET STATISTICS TIME OFF
FETCH NEXT FROM _cursor INTO @name, @object_id
END
CLOSE _cursor
DEALLOCATE _cursor