Penguraian karakter HTML di Objective-C / Cocoa Touch

Pertama-tama, saya menemukan ini: Objective C HTML escape / unescape , tetapi tidak berhasil untuk saya.

Karakter saya yang dikodekan (berasal dari umpan RSS, btw) terlihat seperti ini: &

Saya mencari di seluruh internet dan menemukan diskusi terkait, tetapi tidak ada perbaikan untuk pengkodean khusus saya, saya pikir mereka disebut karakter heksadesimal.

Itu disebut Referensi Entitas Karakter . Ketika mereka mengambil bentuk &#<number>;mereka disebut referensi entitas numerik . Pada dasarnya, ini adalah representasi string dari byte yang harus diganti. Dalam kasus &, ini mewakili karakter dengan nilai 38 dalam skema pengkodean karakter ISO-8859-1, yaitu &.

Alasan ampersand harus dikodekan di RSS adalah karena karakter khusus yang dicadangkan.

Yang perlu Anda lakukan adalah mengurai string dan mengganti entitas dengan byte yang cocok dengan nilai antara &#dan ;. Saya tidak tahu cara yang bagus untuk melakukan ini di objektif C, tapi pertanyaan stack overflow ini mungkin bisa membantu.

Sunting: Sejak menjawab ini sekitar dua tahun yang lalu ada beberapa solusi hebat; lihat jawaban Air Terjun @ Michael di bawah ini.

Lihat kategori NSString saya untuk HTML . Berikut metode yang tersedia:

- (NSString *)stringByConvertingHTMLToPlainText;
- (NSString *)stringByDecodingHTMLEntities;
- (NSString *)stringByEncodingHTMLEntities;
- (NSString *)stringWithNewLinesAsBRs;
- (NSString *)stringByRemovingNewLinesAndWhitespace;

Yang oleh Daniel pada dasarnya sangat bagus, dan saya memperbaiki beberapa masalah di sana:

1. menghapus karakter melewatkan untuk NSSCanner (jika tidak, spasi antara dua entitas berkelanjutan akan diabaikan

   [pemindai setCharactersToBeSkipped: nil];

2. perbaiki parsing ketika ada simbol '&' yang terisolasi (saya tidak yakin apa output yang 'benar' untuk ini, saya baru saja membandingkannya dengan firefox):

misalnya

    &#ABC DF & B'  & C' Items (288)

berikut adalah kode yang dimodifikasi:

- (NSString *)stringByDecodingXMLEntities {
    NSUInteger myLength = [self length];
    NSUInteger ampIndex = [self rangeOfString:@"&" options:NSLiteralSearch].location;

    // Short-circuit if there are no ampersands.
    if (ampIndex == NSNotFound) {
        return self;
    }
    // Make result string with some extra capacity.
    NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:(myLength * 1.25)];

    // First iteration doesn't need to scan to & since we did that already, but for code simplicity's sake we'll do it again with the scanner.
    NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:self];

    [scanner setCharactersToBeSkipped:nil];

    NSCharacterSet *boundaryCharacterSet = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@" \t\n\r;"];

    do {
        // Scan up to the next entity or the end of the string.
        NSString *nonEntityString;
        if ([scanner scanUpToString:@"&" intoString:&nonEntityString]) {
            [result appendString:nonEntityString];
        }
        if ([scanner isAtEnd]) {
            goto finish;
        }
        // Scan either a HTML or numeric character entity reference.
        if ([scanner scanString:@"&" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"&"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"'" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"'"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@""" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"\""];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"<" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"<"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"&gt;" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@">"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"&#" intoString:NULL]) {
            BOOL gotNumber;
            unsigned charCode;
            NSString *xForHex = @"";

            // Is it hex or decimal?
            if ([scanner scanString:@"x" intoString:&xForHex]) {
                gotNumber = [scanner scanHexInt:&charCode];
            }
            else {
                gotNumber = [scanner scanInt:(int*)&charCode];
            }

            if (gotNumber) {
                [result appendFormat:@"%C", (unichar)charCode];

                [scanner scanString:@";" intoString:NULL];
            }
            else {
                NSString *unknownEntity = @"";

                [scanner scanUpToCharactersFromSet:boundaryCharacterSet intoString:&unknownEntity];


                [result appendFormat:@"&#%@%@", xForHex, unknownEntity];

                //[scanner scanUpToString:@";" intoString:&unknownEntity];
                //[result appendFormat:@"&#%@%@;", xForHex, unknownEntity];
                NSLog(@"Expected numeric character entity but got &#%@%@;", xForHex, unknownEntity);

            }

        }
        else {
            NSString *amp;

            [scanner scanString:@"&" intoString:&amp];  //an isolated & symbol
            [result appendString:amp];

            /*
            NSString *unknownEntity = @"";
            [scanner scanUpToString:@";" intoString:&unknownEntity];
            NSString *semicolon = @"";
            [scanner scanString:@";" intoString:&semicolon];
            [result appendFormat:@"%@%@", unknownEntity, semicolon];
            NSLog(@"Unsupported XML character entity %@%@", unknownEntity, semicolon);
             */
        }

    }
    while (![scanner isAtEnd]);

finish:
    return result;
}

Mulai iOS 7, Anda dapat mendekode karakter HTML secara native dengan menggunakan NSAttributedStringdengan NSHTMLTextDocumentTypeatribut:

NSString *htmlString = @" & & < > ™ © ♥ ♣ ♠ ♦";
NSData *stringData = [htmlString dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSDictionary *options = @{NSDocumentTypeDocumentAttribute:NSHTMLTextDocumentType};
NSAttributedString *decodedString;
decodedString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithData:stringData
                                                 options:options
                                      documentAttributes:NULL
                                                   error:NULL];

String atribut yang didekode sekarang akan ditampilkan sebagai:  & & <> ™ © ♥ ♣ ♠ ♦.

Catatan: Ini hanya akan berfungsi jika dipanggil di utas utama.

Sepertinya tidak ada yang menyebutkan salah satu opsi paling sederhana: Google Toolbox untuk Mac
(Terlepas dari namanya, ini juga berfungsi di iOS.)

https://github.com/google/google-toolbox-for-mac/blob/master/Foundation/GTMNSString%2BHTML.h

/// Get a string where internal characters that are escaped for HTML are unescaped 
//
///  For example, '&' becomes '&'
///  Handles   and 2 cases as well
///
//  Returns:
//    Autoreleased NSString
//
- (NSString *)gtm_stringByUnescapingFromHTML;

Dan saya harus menyertakan hanya tiga file dalam proyek: header, implementasi dan GTMDefines.h.

Saya harus memposting ini di GitHub atau sesuatu. Ini masuk dalam kategori NSString, digunakan NSScanneruntuk implementasi, dan menangani entitas karakter numerik heksadesimal dan desimal serta simbolik biasa.

Juga, ini menangani string yang salah format (ketika Anda memiliki & diikuti oleh urutan karakter yang tidak valid) dengan relatif anggun, yang ternyata sangat penting dalam aplikasi yang saya rilis yang menggunakan kode ini.

- (NSString *)stringByDecodingXMLEntities {
    NSUInteger myLength = [self length];
    NSUInteger ampIndex = [self rangeOfString:@"&" options:NSLiteralSearch].location;

    // Short-circuit if there are no ampersands.
    if (ampIndex == NSNotFound) {
        return self;
    }
    // Make result string with some extra capacity.
    NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:(myLength * 1.25)];

    // First iteration doesn't need to scan to & since we did that already, but for code simplicity's sake we'll do it again with the scanner.
    NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:self];
    do {
        // Scan up to the next entity or the end of the string.
        NSString *nonEntityString;
        if ([scanner scanUpToString:@"&" intoString:&nonEntityString]) {
            [result appendString:nonEntityString];
        }
        if ([scanner isAtEnd]) {
            goto finish;
        }
        // Scan either a HTML or numeric character entity reference.
        if ([scanner scanString:@"&" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"&"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"'" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"'"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@""" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"\""];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"<" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@"<"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"&gt;" intoString:NULL])
            [result appendString:@">"];
        else if ([scanner scanString:@"&#" intoString:NULL]) {
            BOOL gotNumber;
            unsigned charCode;
            NSString *xForHex = @"";

            // Is it hex or decimal?
            if ([scanner scanString:@"x" intoString:&xForHex]) {
                gotNumber = [scanner scanHexInt:&charCode];
            }
            else {
                gotNumber = [scanner scanInt:(int*)&charCode];
            }
            if (gotNumber) {
                [result appendFormat:@"%C", charCode];
            }
            else {
                NSString *unknownEntity = @"";
                [scanner scanUpToString:@";" intoString:&unknownEntity];
                [result appendFormat:@"&#%@%@;", xForHex, unknownEntity];
                NSLog(@"Expected numeric character entity but got &#%@%@;", xForHex, unknownEntity);
            }
            [scanner scanString:@";" intoString:NULL];
        }
        else {
            NSString *unknownEntity = @"";
            [scanner scanUpToString:@";" intoString:&unknownEntity];
            NSString *semicolon = @"";
            [scanner scanString:@";" intoString:&semicolon];
            [result appendFormat:@"%@%@", unknownEntity, semicolon];
            NSLog(@"Unsupported XML character entity %@%@", unknownEntity, semicolon);
        }
    }
    while (![scanner isAtEnd]);

finish:
    return result;
}

Ini adalah cara saya melakukannya menggunakan kerangka RegexKitLite :

-(NSString*) decodeHtmlUnicodeCharacters: (NSString*) html {
NSString* result = [html copy];
NSArray* matches = [result arrayOfCaptureComponentsMatchedByRegex: @"\\&#([\\d]+);"];

if (![matches count]) 
    return result;

for (int i=0; i<[matches count]; i++) {
    NSArray* array = [matches objectAtIndex: i];
    NSString* charCode = [array objectAtIndex: 1];
    int code = [charCode intValue];
    NSString* character = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", code];
    result = [result stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString: [array objectAtIndex: 0]
                                               withString: character];      
}   
return result;  

}

Semoga ini bisa membantu seseorang.

Anda hanya dapat menggunakan fungsi ini untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini.

+ (NSString*) decodeHtmlUnicodeCharactersToString:(NSString*)str
{
    NSMutableString* string = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:str];  // #&39; replace with '
    NSString* unicodeStr = nil;
    NSString* replaceStr = nil;
    int counter = -1;

    for(int i = 0; i < [string length]; ++i)
    {
        unichar char1 = [string characterAtIndex:i];    
        for (int k = i + 1; k < [string length] - 1; ++k)
        {
            unichar char2 = [string characterAtIndex:k];    

            if (char1 == '&'  && char2 == '#' ) 
            {   
                ++counter;
                unicodeStr = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i + 2 , 2)];    
                // read integer value i.e, 39
                replaceStr = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange (i, 5)];     //     #&39;
                [string replaceCharactersInRange: [string rangeOfString:replaceStr] withString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c",[unicodeStr intValue]]];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    [string autorelease];

    if (counter > 1)
        return  [self decodeHtmlUnicodeCharactersToString:string]; 
    else
        return string;
}

Berikut adalah versi Swift dari jawaban Walty Yeung :

extension String {
    static private let mappings = ["&quot;" : "\"","&amp;" : "&", "&lt;" : "<", "&gt;" : ">","&nbsp;" : " ","&iexcl;" : "¡","&cent;" : "¢","&pound;" : " £","&curren;" : "¤","&yen;" : "¥","&brvbar;" : "¦","&sect;" : "§","&uml;" : "¨","&copy;" : "©","&ordf;" : " ª","&laquo" : "«","&not" : "¬","&reg" : "®","&macr" : "¯","&deg" : "°","&plusmn" : "±","&sup2; " : "²","&sup3" : "³","&acute" : "´","&micro" : "µ","&para" : "¶","&middot" : "·","&cedil" : "¸","&sup1" : "¹","&ordm" : "º","&raquo" : "»&","frac14" : "¼","&frac12" : "½","&frac34" : "¾","&iquest" : "¿","&times" : "×","&divide" : "÷","&ETH" : "Ð","&eth" : "ð","&THORN" : "Þ","&thorn" : "þ","&AElig" : "Æ","&aelig" : "æ","&OElig" : "Œ","&oelig" : "œ","&Aring" : "Å","&Oslash" : "Ø","&Ccedil" : "Ç","&ccedil" : "ç","&szlig" : "ß","&Ntilde;" : "Ñ","&ntilde;":"ñ",]

    func stringByDecodingXMLEntities() -> String {

        guard let _ = self.rangeOfString("&", options: [.LiteralSearch]) else {
            return self
        }

        var result = ""

        let scanner = NSScanner(string: self)
        scanner.charactersToBeSkipped = nil

        let boundaryCharacterSet = NSCharacterSet(charactersInString: " \t\n\r;")

        repeat {
            var nonEntityString: NSString? = nil

            if scanner.scanUpToString("&", intoString: &nonEntityString) {
                if let s = nonEntityString as? String {
                    result.appendContentsOf(s)
                }
            }

            if scanner.atEnd {
                break
            }

            var didBreak = false
            for (k,v) in String.mappings {
                if scanner.scanString(k, intoString: nil) {
                    result.appendContentsOf(v)
                    didBreak = true
                    break
                }
            }

            if !didBreak {

                if scanner.scanString("&#", intoString: nil) {

                    var gotNumber = false
                    var charCodeUInt: UInt32 = 0
                    var charCodeInt: Int32 = -1
                    var xForHex: NSString? = nil

                    if scanner.scanString("x", intoString: &xForHex) {
                        gotNumber = scanner.scanHexInt(&charCodeUInt)
                    }
                    else {
                        gotNumber = scanner.scanInt(&charCodeInt)
                    }

                    if gotNumber {
                        let newChar = String(format: "%C", (charCodeInt > -1) ? charCodeInt : charCodeUInt)
                        result.appendContentsOf(newChar)
                        scanner.scanString(";", intoString: nil)
                    }
                    else {
                        var unknownEntity: NSString? = nil
                        scanner.scanUpToCharactersFromSet(boundaryCharacterSet, intoString: &unknownEntity)
                        let h = xForHex ?? ""
                        let u = unknownEntity ?? ""
                        result.appendContentsOf("&#\(h)\(u)")
                    }
                }
                else {
                    scanner.scanString("&", intoString: nil)
                    result.appendContentsOf("&")
                }
            }

        } while (!scanner.atEnd)

        return result
    }
}

Sebenarnya kerangka kerja MWFeedParser yang hebat dari Air Terjun Michael (mengacu pada jawabannya) telah bercabang oleh rmchaara yang telah memperbaruinya dengan dukungan ARC!

Anda dapat menemukannya di Github di sini

Ini benar-benar berfungsi dengan baik, saya menggunakan metode stringByDecodingHTMLEntities dan bekerja dengan sempurna.

Seolah Anda membutuhkan solusi lain! Yang ini cukup sederhana dan cukup efektif:

@interface NSString (NSStringCategory)
- (NSString *) stringByReplacingISO8859Codes;
@end


@implementation NSString (NSStringCategory)
- (NSString *) stringByReplacingISO8859Codes
{
    NSString *dataString = self;
    do {
        //*** See if string contains &# prefix
        NSRange range = [dataString rangeOfString: @"&#" options: NSRegularExpressionSearch];
        if (range.location == NSNotFound) {
            break;
        }
        //*** Get the next three charaters after the prefix
        NSString *isoHex = [dataString substringWithRange: NSMakeRange(range.location + 2, 3)];
        //*** Create the full code for replacement
        NSString *isoString = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"&#%@;", isoHex];
        //*** Convert to decimal integer
        unsigned decimal = 0;
        NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"0%@", isoHex]];
        [scanner scanHexInt: &decimal];
        //*** Use decimal code to get unicode character
        NSString *unicode = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", decimal];
        //*** Replace all occurences of this code in the string
        dataString = [dataString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString: isoString withString: unicode];
    } while (TRUE); //*** Loop until we hit the NSNotFound

    return dataString;
}
@end

Jika Anda memiliki Referensi Entitas Karakter sebagai string, misalnya @"2318", Anda dapat mengekstrak NSString yang dikodekan ulang dengan karakter unicode yang benar menggunakan strtoul;

NSString *unicodePoint = @"2318"
unichar iconChar = (unichar) strtoul(unicodePoint.UTF8String, NULL, 16);
NSString *recoded = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", iconChar];
NSLog(@"recoded: %@", recoded");
// prints out "recoded: ⌘"

Jawaban Jugale versi Swift 3

extension String {
    static private let mappings = ["&quot;" : "\"","&amp;" : "&", "&lt;" : "<", "&gt;" : ">","&nbsp;" : " ","&iexcl;" : "¡","&cent;" : "¢","&pound;" : " £","&curren;" : "¤","&yen;" : "¥","&brvbar;" : "¦","&sect;" : "§","&uml;" : "¨","&copy;" : "©","&ordf;" : " ª","&laquo" : "«","&not" : "¬","&reg" : "®","&macr" : "¯","&deg" : "°","&plusmn" : "±","&sup2; " : "²","&sup3" : "³","&acute" : "´","&micro" : "µ","&para" : "¶","&middot" : "·","&cedil" : "¸","&sup1" : "¹","&ordm" : "º","&raquo" : "»&","frac14" : "¼","&frac12" : "½","&frac34" : "¾","&iquest" : "¿","&times" : "×","&divide" : "÷","&ETH" : "Ð","&eth" : "ð","&THORN" : "Þ","&thorn" : "þ","&AElig" : "Æ","&aelig" : "æ","&OElig" : "Œ","&oelig" : "œ","&Aring" : "Å","&Oslash" : "Ø","&Ccedil" : "Ç","&ccedil" : "ç","&szlig" : "ß","&Ntilde;" : "Ñ","&ntilde;":"ñ",]

    func stringByDecodingXMLEntities() -> String {

        guard let _ = self.range(of: "&", options: [.literal]) else {
            return self
        }

        var result = ""

        let scanner = Scanner(string: self)
        scanner.charactersToBeSkipped = nil

        let boundaryCharacterSet = CharacterSet(charactersIn: " \t\n\r;")

        repeat {
            var nonEntityString: NSString? = nil

            if scanner.scanUpTo("&", into: &nonEntityString) {
                if let s = nonEntityString as? String {
                    result.append(s)
                }
            }

            if scanner.isAtEnd {
                break
            }

            var didBreak = false
            for (k,v) in String.mappings {
                if scanner.scanString(k, into: nil) {
                    result.append(v)
                    didBreak = true
                    break
                }
            }

            if !didBreak {

                if scanner.scanString("&#", into: nil) {

                    var gotNumber = false
                    var charCodeUInt: UInt32 = 0
                    var charCodeInt: Int32 = -1
                    var xForHex: NSString? = nil

                    if scanner.scanString("x", into: &xForHex) {
                        gotNumber = scanner.scanHexInt32(&charCodeUInt)
                    }
                    else {
                        gotNumber = scanner.scanInt32(&charCodeInt)
                    }

                    if gotNumber {
                        let newChar = String(format: "%C", (charCodeInt > -1) ? charCodeInt : charCodeUInt)
                        result.append(newChar)
                        scanner.scanString(";", into: nil)
                    }
                    else {
                        var unknownEntity: NSString? = nil
                        scanner.scanUpToCharacters(from: boundaryCharacterSet, into: &unknownEntity)
                        let h = xForHex ?? ""
                        let u = unknownEntity ?? ""
                        result.append("&#\(h)\(u)")
                    }
                }
                else {
                    scanner.scanString("&", into: nil)
                    result.append("&")
                }
            }

        } while (!scanner.isAtEnd)

        return result
    }
}