Menurut saya (cara tradisional) menggunakan pipa lebih cepat; di kotak saya, saya menggunakan strace
perintah untuk melihat apa yang terjadi:
Tanpa pipa:
toc@UnixServer:~$ strace wc -l < wrong_output.c
execve("/usr/bin/wc", ["wc", "-l"], [/* 18 vars */]) = 0
brk(0) = 0x8b50000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb77ad000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=29107, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 29107, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb77a5000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0p\222\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1552584, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1563160, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb7627000
mmap2(0xb779f000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x178) = 0xb779f000
mmap2(0xb77a2000, 10776, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb77a2000
close(3) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7626000
set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb76268d0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0
mprotect(0xb779f000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x804f000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0xb77ce000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0xb77a5000, 29107) = 0
brk(0) = 0x8b50000
brk(0x8b71000) = 0x8b71000
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=5540198, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 2097152, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7426000
mmap2(NULL, 1507328, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0x2a8) = 0xb72b6000
close(3) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2570, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb77ac000
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2570
read(3, "", 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0xb77ac000, 4096) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/fr_FR.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/fr_FR.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/fr_FR/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/fr.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/fr.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr_FR.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr_FR.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr_FR/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/fr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=316721, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 316721, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7268000
close(3) = 0
open("/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/gconv/gconv-modules.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=26064, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 26064, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0xb7261000
close(3) = 0
read(0, "#include<stdio.h>\n\nint main(int "..., 16384) = 180
read(0, "", 16384) = 0
fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 2), ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7260000
write(1, "13\n", 313
) = 3
close(0) = 0
close(1) = 0
munmap(0xb7260000, 4096) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
Dan dengan pipa:
toc@UnixServer:~$ strace cat wrong_output.c | wc -l
execve("/bin/cat", ["cat", "wrong_output.c"], [/* 18 vars */]) = 0
brk(0) = 0xa017000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb774b000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=29107, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 29107, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7743000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0p\222\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1552584, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1563160, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb75c5000
mmap2(0xb773d000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x178) = 0xb773d000
mmap2(0xb7740000, 10776, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7740000
close(3) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb75c4000
set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb75c48d0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0
mprotect(0xb773d000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x8051000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0xb776c000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0xb7743000, 29107) = 0
brk(0) = 0xa017000
brk(0xa038000) = 0xa038000
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=5540198, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 2097152, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb73c4000
mmap2(NULL, 1507328, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0x2a8) = 0xb7254000
close(3) = 0
fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFIFO|0600, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
open("wrong_output.c", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=180, ...}) = 0
read(3, "#include<stdio.h>\n\nint main(int "..., 32768) = 180
write(1, "#include<stdio.h>\n\nint main(int "..., 180) = 180
read(3, "", 32768) = 0
close(3) = 0
close(1) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
13
Anda dapat melakukan beberapa pengujian dengan strace
dan time
perintah dengan perintah yang lebih banyak dan lebih panjang untuk pembandingan yang baik.
cat
adalah pipa identitas . Itu hanya mengalirkan inputnya ke outputnya. Jika program kedua dalam rangkaian dapat mengambil masukannya dari argumen yang sama yang Anda berikancat
(atau dari masukan standar, jika Anda tidak memberikan argumen), makacat
sama sekali tidak berguna dan hanya menghasilkan proses tambahan yang bercabang dan pipa tambahan menjadi dibuat.