Sementara jawaban di atas mungkin berfungsi dengan baik (saya belum mencobanya :)), saya sering memiliki lebih banyak tes untuk dijalankan sehingga saya tidak menyuntikkan tes itu sendiri. Saya akan mengelompokkan kasus it () menjadi mendeskripsikan blok dan menjalankan injeksi saya di beforeEach () atau beforeAll () di setiap blok mendeskripsikan.
Robert juga benar bahwa dia mengatakan Anda harus menggunakan injektor $ Angular untuk membuat tes mengetahui layanan atau pabrik. Angular menggunakan injektor ini sendiri dalam aplikasi Anda, juga untuk memberi tahu aplikasi apa yang tersedia. Namun, ini bisa dipanggil di lebih dari satu tempat, dan juga bisa dipanggil secara implisit, bukan eksplisit. Anda akan melihat dalam contoh file pengujian spesifikasi saya di bawah ini, blok beforeEach () secara implisit memanggil injektor untuk membuat hal-hal tersedia untuk ditugaskan di dalam pengujian.
Kembali ke pengelompokan hal-hal dan menggunakan blok sebelumnya, berikut adalah contoh kecilnya. Saya membuat Cat Service dan saya ingin mengujinya, jadi pengaturan sederhana saya untuk menulis dan menguji Service akan terlihat seperti ini:
app.js
var catsApp = angular.module('catsApp', ['ngMockE2E']);
angular.module('catsApp.mocks', [])
.value('StaticCatsData', function() {
return [{
id: 1,
title: "Commando",
name: "Kitty MeowMeow",
score: 123
}, {
id: 2,
title: "Raw Deal",
name: "Basketpaws",
score: 17
}, {
id: 3,
title: "Predator",
name: "Noseboops",
score: 184
}];
});
catsApp.factory('LoggingService', ['$log', function($log) {
// Private Helper: Object or String or what passed
// for logging? Let's make it String-readable...
function _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff) {
var message = "";
if (typeof stuff !== "string") {
message = JSON.stringify(stuff)
} else {
message = stuff;
}
return message;
}
/**
* @summary
* Write a log statement for debug or informational purposes.
*/
var write = function(stuff) {
var log_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.log(log_msg);
}
/**
* @summary
* Write's an error out to the console.
*/
var error = function(stuff) {
var err_msg = _parseStuffIntoMessage(stuff);
$log.error(err_msg);
}
return {
error: error,
write: write
};
}])
catsApp.factory('CatsService', ['$http', 'LoggingService', function($http, Logging) {
/*
response:
data, status, headers, config, statusText
*/
var Success_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.write("CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var Error_Callback = function(response) {
Logging.error("CatsService::getAllCats()::Error!");
return {"status": status, "data": data};
}
var allCats = function() {
console.log('# Cats.allCats()');
return $http.get('/cats')
.then(Success_Callback, Error_Callback);
}
return {
getAllCats: allCats
};
}]);
var CatsController = function(Cats, $scope) {
var vm = this;
vm.cats = [];
// ========================
/**
* @summary
* Initializes the controller.
*/
vm.activate = function() {
console.log('* CatsCtrl.activate()!');
// Get ALL the cats!
Cats.getAllCats().then(
function(litter) {
console.log('> ', litter);
vm.cats = litter;
console.log('>>> ', vm.cats);
}
);
}
vm.activate();
}
CatsController.$inject = ['CatsService', '$scope'];
catsApp.controller('CatsCtrl', CatsController);
Spesifikasi: Pengontrol Kucing
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Controller', function() {
var $scope, $q, deferred, $controller, $rootScope, catsCtrl, mockCatsData, createCatsCtrl;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
var catsServiceMock;
beforeEach(inject(function(_$q_, _$controller_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
$q = _$q_;
$controller = _$controller_;
deferred = $q.defer();
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// ToDo:
// Put catsServiceMock inside of module "catsApp.mocks" ?
catsServiceMock = {
getAllCats: function() {
// Just give back the data we expect.
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData);
// Mock the Promise, too, so it can run
// and call .then() as expected
return deferred.promise;
}
};
}));
// Controller MOCK
var createCatsController;
// beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, FakeCatsService) {
beforeEach(inject(function (_$rootScope_, $controller, CatsService) {
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$scope = $rootScope.$new();
createCatsController = function() {
return $controller('CatsCtrl', {
'$scope': $scope,
CatsService: catsServiceMock
});
};
}));
// ==========================
it('should have NO cats loaded at first', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
expect(catsCtrl.cats).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toEqual(0);
});
it('should call "activate()" on load, but only once', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** For some reason, Auto-Executing init functions
// aren't working for me in Plunkr?
// I have to call it once manually instead of relying on
// $scope creation to do it... Sorry, not sure why.
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toBeDefined();
expect(catsCtrl.activate).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect(catsCtrl.activate.calls.count()).toEqual(1);
// Test/Expect additional conditions for
// "Yes, the controller was activated right!"
// (A) - there is be cats
expect(catsCtrl.cats.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
});
// (B) - there is be cats SUCH THAT
// can haz these properties...
it('each cat will have a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
catsCtrl = createCatsController();
spyOn(catsCtrl, 'activate').and.returnValue(mockCatsData);
// *** and again...
catsCtrl.activate();
$rootScope.$digest(); // ELSE ...then() does NOT resolve.
var names = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(catsCtrl.cats, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
});
});
Spesifikasi: Layanan Kucing
'use strict';
describe('Unit Tests: Cats Service', function() {
var $scope, $rootScope, $log, cats, logging, $httpBackend, mockCatsData;
beforeEach(module('catsApp'));
beforeEach(module('catsApp.mocks'));
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that', function() {
beforeEach(inject(function($q, _$rootScope_, _$httpBackend_, _$log_, $injector, StaticCatsData) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$rootScope = _$rootScope_;
$httpBackend = _$httpBackend_;
// We don't want to test the resolving of *actual data*
// in a unit test.
// The "proper" place for that is in Integration Test, which
// is basically a unit test that is less mocked - you test
// the endpoints and responses and APIs instead of the
// specific service behaviors.
mockCatsData = StaticCatsData();
// For handling Promises and deferrals in our Service calls...
var deferred = $q.defer();
deferred.resolve(mockCatsData); // always resolved, you can do it from your spec
// jasmine 2.0
// Spy + Promise Mocking
// spyOn(obj, 'method'), (assumes obj.method is a function)
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.returnValue(deferred.promise);
/*
To mock $http as a dependency, use $httpBackend to
setup HTTP calls and expectations.
*/
$httpBackend.whenGET('/cats').respond(200, mockCatsData);
}));
afterEach(function() {
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
})
it(' exists/is defined', function() {
expect( cats.getAllCats ).toBeDefined();
expect( typeof cats.getAllCats ).toEqual("function");
});
it(' returns an array of Cats, where each cat has a NAME, TITLE and SCORE', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
var names = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.name; })
var titles = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.title; })
var scores = _.map(data, function(cat) { return cat.score; })
expect(names.length).toEqual(3);
expect(titles.length).toEqual(3);
expect(scores.length).toEqual(3);
})
});
})
describe('has a method: getAllCats() that also logs', function() {
var cats, $log, logging;
beforeEach(inject(
function(_$log_, $injector) {
cats = $injector.get('CatsService');
$log = _$log_;
logging = $injector.get('LoggingService');
spyOn(cats, 'getAllCats').and.callThrough();
}
))
it('that on SUCCESS, $logs to the console a success message', function() {
cats.getAllCats().then(function(data) {
expect(logging.write).toHaveBeenCalled();
expect( $log.log.logs ).toContain(["CatsService::getAllCats()::Success!"]);
})
});
})
});
EDIT
Berdasarkan beberapa komentar, saya telah memperbarui jawaban saya menjadi sedikit lebih kompleks, dan saya juga membuat Plunkr yang mendemonstrasikan Unit Testing. Secara khusus, salah satu komentar menyebutkan "Bagaimana jika Layanan Pengontrol memiliki ketergantungan sederhana, seperti $ log?" - yang termasuk dalam contoh dengan kasus uji. Semoga membantu! Uji atau Retas Planet !!!
https://embed.plnkr.co/aSPHnr/