Ini adalah penjelasan fungsi yang tercakup dalam PEP 3107 . Secara khusus, ->
menandai anotasi fungsi pengembalian.
Contoh:
>>> def kinetic_energy(m:'in KG', v:'in M/S')->'Joules':
... return 1/2*m*v**2
...
>>> kinetic_energy.__annotations__
{'return': 'Joules', 'v': 'in M/S', 'm': 'in KG'}
Anotasi adalah kamus, sehingga Anda dapat melakukan ini:
>>> '{:,} {}'.format(kinetic_energy(20,3000),
kinetic_energy.__annotations__['return'])
'90,000,000.0 Joules'
Anda juga dapat memiliki struktur data python daripada hanya string:
>>> rd={'type':float,'units':'Joules','docstring':'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'}
>>> def f()->rd:
... pass
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['type']
<class 'float'>
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['units']
'Joules'
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['docstring']
'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'
Atau, Anda bisa menggunakan atribut fungsi untuk memvalidasi nilai yang disebut:
def validate(func, locals):
for var, test in func.__annotations__.items():
value = locals[var]
try:
pr=test.__name__+': '+test.__docstring__
except AttributeError:
pr=test.__name__
msg = '{}=={}; Test: {}'.format(var, value, pr)
assert test(value), msg
def between(lo, hi):
def _between(x):
return lo <= x <= hi
_between.__docstring__='must be between {} and {}'.format(lo,hi)
return _between
def f(x: between(3,10), y:lambda _y: isinstance(_y,int)):
validate(f, locals())
print(x,y)
Cetakan
>>> f(2,2)
AssertionError: x==2; Test: _between: must be between 3 and 10
>>> f(3,2.1)
AssertionError: y==2.1; Test: <lambda>
.__annotations__
atribut.