Variabel instance pada kelas:
class Parent
@things = []
def self.things
@things
end
def things
self.class.things
end
end
class Child < Parent
@things = []
end
Parent.things << :car
Child.things << :doll
mom = Parent.new
dad = Parent.new
p Parent.things #=> [:car]
p Child.things #=> [:doll]
p mom.things #=> [:car]
p dad.things #=> [:car]
Variabel kelas:
class Parent
@@things = []
def self.things
@@things
end
def things
@@things
end
end
class Child < Parent
end
Parent.things << :car
Child.things << :doll
p Parent.things #=> [:car,:doll]
p Child.things #=> [:car,:doll]
mom = Parent.new
dad = Parent.new
son1 = Child.new
son2 = Child.new
daughter = Child.new
[ mom, dad, son1, son2, daughter ].each{ |person| p person.things }
#=> [:car, :doll]
#=> [:car, :doll]
#=> [:car, :doll]
#=> [:car, :doll]
#=> [:car, :doll]
Dengan variabel instan pada kelas (bukan pada instance kelas itu) Anda dapat menyimpan sesuatu yang umum untuk kelas itu tanpa memiliki sub-kelas secara otomatis juga mendapatkannya (dan sebaliknya). Dengan variabel kelas, Anda memiliki kemudahan untuk tidak harus menulis self.class
dari objek instan, dan (bila diinginkan) Anda juga mendapatkan pembagian otomatis di seluruh hierarki kelas.
Menggabungkan ini bersama-sama menjadi satu contoh yang juga mencakup variabel instan pada instance:
class Parent
@@family_things = [] # Shared between class and subclasses
@shared_things = [] # Specific to this class
def self.family_things
@@family_things
end
def self.shared_things
@shared_things
end
attr_accessor :my_things
def initialize
@my_things = [] # Just for me
end
def family_things
self.class.family_things
end
def shared_things
self.class.shared_things
end
end
class Child < Parent
@shared_things = []
end
Dan kemudian beraksi:
mama = Parent.new
papa = Parent.new
joey = Child.new
suzy = Child.new
Parent.family_things << :house
papa.family_things << :vacuum
mama.shared_things << :car
papa.shared_things << :blender
papa.my_things << :quadcopter
joey.my_things << :bike
suzy.my_things << :doll
joey.shared_things << :puzzle
suzy.shared_things << :blocks
p Parent.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p Child.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p papa.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p mama.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p joey.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p suzy.family_things #=> [:house, :vacuum]
p Parent.shared_things #=> [:car, :blender]
p papa.shared_things #=> [:car, :blender]
p mama.shared_things #=> [:car, :blender]
p Child.shared_things #=> [:puzzle, :blocks]
p joey.shared_things #=> [:puzzle, :blocks]
p suzy.shared_things #=> [:puzzle, :blocks]
p papa.my_things #=> [:quadcopter]
p mama.my_things #=> []
p joey.my_things #=> [:bike]
p suzy.my_things #=> [:doll]