sql query untuk mengembalikan perbedaan antara dua tabel

Saya mencoba membandingkan dua tabel, SQL Server, untuk memverifikasi beberapa data. Saya ingin mengembalikan semua baris dari kedua tabel di mana data berada dalam satu atau yang lain. Intinya, saya ingin menunjukkan semua perbedaan. Saya perlu memeriksa tiga potong data untuk melakukannya, FirstName, LastName dan Product.

Saya cukup baru untuk SQL dan sepertinya banyak solusi yang saya temukan lebih rumit. Saya tidak perlu khawatir tentang NULLs.

Saya mulai dengan mencoba sesuatu seperti ini:

SELECT DISTINCT [First Name], [Last Name], [Product Name] FROM [Temp Test Data]
WHERE ([First Name] NOT IN (SELECT [First Name] 
FROM [Real Data]))

Saya mengalami kesulitan untuk mengambil ini lebih jauh.

Terima kasih!

EDIT:

Berdasarkan jawaban oleh @treaschf saya telah mencoba menggunakan variasi dari kueri berikut:

SELECT td.[First Name], td.[Last Name], td.[Product Name]
FROM [Temp Test Data] td FULL OUTER JOIN [Data] AS d 
ON td.[First Name] = d.[First Name] AND td.[Last Name] = d.[Last Name] 
WHERE (d.[First Name] = NULL) AND (d.[Last Name] = NULL)

Tapi saya tetap mendapatkan hasil 0 kembali, ketika saya tahu bahwa setidaknya ada 1 baris di td yang tidak di d.

EDIT:

Ok, saya pikir saya sudah menemukannya. Setidaknya dalam beberapa menit pengujian saya tampaknya berfungsi cukup baik.

SELECT [First Name], [Last Name]
FROM [Temp Test Data] AS td
WHERE (NOT EXISTS
        (SELECT [First Name], [Last Name]
         FROM [Data] AS d
         WHERE ([First Name] = td.[First Name]) OR ([Last Name] = td.[Last Name])))

Ini pada dasarnya akan memberi tahu saya apa yang ada dalam data pengujian saya yang tidak ada dalam data nyata saya. Yang benar-benar baik untuk apa yang harus saya lakukan.

JIKA Anda memiliki tabel Adan B, keduanya dengan colum C, di sini adalah catatan, yang ada dalam tabel Atetapi tidak dalam B:

SELECT A.*
FROM A
    LEFT JOIN B ON (A.C = B.C)
WHERE B.C IS NULL

Untuk mendapatkan semua perbedaan dengan satu permintaan, gabungan lengkap harus digunakan, seperti ini:

SELECT A.*, B.*
FROM A
    FULL JOIN B ON (A.C = B.C)
WHERE A.C IS NULL OR B.C IS NULL

Apa yang perlu Anda ketahui dalam kasus ini adalah, bahwa ketika catatan dapat ditemukan di A, tetapi tidak di B, dari kolom yang berasal Bakan NULL, dan juga untuk mereka, yang hadir Bdan tidak dalam A, kolom dari Aakan menjadi nol.

(   SELECT * FROM table1
    EXCEPT
    SELECT * FROM table2)  
UNION ALL
(   SELECT * FROM table2
    EXCEPT
    SELECT * FROM table1) 

Saya tahu bahwa ini mungkin bukan jawaban yang populer tetapi saya setuju dengan @Randy Minder tentang penggunaan alat pihak ketiga saat diperlukan perbandingan yang lebih kompleks.

Ini kasus khusus di sini mudah dan untuk kasus ini alat seperti itu tidak diperlukan tetapi ini bisa menjadi kompleks dengan mudah jika Anda memperkenalkan lebih banyak kolom, database pada dua server, kriteria perbandingan yang lebih kompleks dan semacamnya.

Ada banyak alat ini seperti ApexSQL Data Diff atau Quest Toad dan Anda selalu dapat menggunakannya dalam mode percobaan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan.

Untuk mendapatkan semua perbedaan antara dua tabel, Anda dapat menggunakan seperti saya permintaan SQL ini:

SELECT 'TABLE1-ONLY' AS SRC, T1.*
FROM (
      SELECT * FROM Table1
      EXCEPT
      SELECT * FROM Table2
      ) AS T1
UNION ALL
SELECT 'TABLE2-ONLY' AS SRC, T2.*
FROM (
      SELECT * FROM Table2
      EXCEPT
      SELECT * FROM Table1
      ) AS T2
;

Variasi sederhana pada jawaban @erikkallen yang menunjukkan tabel baris mana yang ada di:

(   SELECT 'table1' as source, * FROM table1
    EXCEPT
    SELECT * FROM table2)  
UNION ALL
(   SELECT 'table2' as source, * FROM table2
    EXCEPT
    SELECT * FROM table1) 

Jika Anda mendapatkan kesalahan

Semua kueri yang digabungkan menggunakan operator UNION, INTERSECT atau EXCEPT harus memiliki jumlah ekspresi yang sama dalam daftar target mereka.

maka mungkin membantu untuk menambah

(   SELECT 'table1' as source, * FROM table1
    EXCEPT
    SELECT 'table1' as source, * FROM table2)  
UNION ALL
(   SELECT 'table2' as source, * FROM table2
    EXCEPT
    SELECT 'table2' as source, * FROM table1) 

Jika Anda ingin mendapatkan nilai kolom yang berbeda, Anda bisa menggunakan model Entity-Attribute-Value:

declare @Data1 xml, @Data2 xml

select @Data1 = 
(
    select * 
    from (select * from Test1 except select * from Test2) as a
    for xml raw('Data')
)

select @Data2 = 
(
    select * 
    from (select * from Test2 except select * from Test1) as a
    for xml raw('Data')
)

;with CTE1 as (
    select
        T.C.value('../@ID', 'bigint') as ID,
        T.C.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as Name,
        T.C.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as Value
    from @Data1.nodes('Data/@*') as T(C)    
), CTE2 as (
    select
        T.C.value('../@ID', 'bigint') as ID,
        T.C.value('local-name(.)', 'nvarchar(128)') as Name,
        T.C.value('.', 'nvarchar(max)') as Value
    from @Data2.nodes('Data/@*') as T(C)     
)
select
    isnull(C1.ID, C2.ID) as ID, isnull(C1.Name, C2.Name) as Name, C1.Value as Value1, C2.Value as Value2
from CTE1 as C1
    full outer join CTE2 as C2 on C2.ID = C1.ID and C2.Name = C1.Name
where
not
(
    C1.Value is null and C2.Value is null or
    C1.Value is not null and C2.Value is not null and C1.Value = C2.Value
)

CONTOH SQL FIDDLE

Coba ini :

SELECT 
    [First Name], [Last Name]
FROM 
    [Temp Test Data] AS td EXCEPTION JOIN [Data] AS d ON 
         (d.[First Name] = td.[First Name] OR d.[Last Name] = td.[Last Name])

Jauh lebih mudah dibaca.

Ini akan melakukan triknya, mirip dengan solusi Tiago , kembalikan tabel "source" juga.

select [First name], [Last name], max(_tabloc) as _tabloc
from (
  select [First Name], [Last name], 't1' as _tabloc from table1
  union all
  select [First name], [Last name], 't2' as _tabloc from table2
) v
group by [Fist Name], [Last name]
having count(1)=1

hasil akan berisi perbedaan antara tabel, di kolom _tabloc Anda akan memiliki referensi tabel.

Menghadirkan Cadillac of Diffs sebagai SP. Lihat di dalam untuk templat dasar yang didasarkan pada jawaban oleh @erikkallen. Ini mendukung

• Pengindraan baris rangkap (sebagian besar jawaban lain di sini tidak)
• Urutkan hasil berdasarkan argumen
• Batasi pada kolom tertentu
• Abaikan kolom (mis. ModifiedUtc)
• Lintas tabel nama tabel
• Temp table (gunakan sebagai solusi untuk tampilan berbeda)

Pemakaian:

exec Common.usp_DiffTableRows '#t1', '#t2';

exec Common.usp_DiffTableRows 
    @pTable0          = 'ydb.ysh.table1',
    @pTable1          = 'xdb.xsh.table2',
    @pOrderByCsvOpt   = null,  -- Order the results
    @pOnlyCsvOpt      = null,  -- Only compare these columns
    @pIgnoreCsvOpt    = null;  -- Ignore these columns (ignored if @pOnlyCsvOpt is specified)

Kode:

alter proc [Common].[usp_DiffTableRows]    
    @pTable0          varchar(300),
    @pTable1          varchar(300),
    @pOrderByCsvOpt   nvarchar(1000) = null,  -- Order the Results
    @pOnlyCsvOpt      nvarchar(4000) = null,  -- Only compare these columns
    @pIgnoreCsvOpt    nvarchar(4000) = null,  -- Ignore these columns (ignored if @pOnlyCsvOpt is specified)
    @pDebug           bit = 0
as
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Purpose:  Compare rows between two tables.

      Usage:  exec Common.usp_DiffTableRows '#a', '#b';

    Modified    By          Description
    ----------  ----------  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2015.10.06  crokusek    Initial Version
    2019.03.13  crokusek    Added @pOrderByCsvOpt
    2019.06.26  crokusek    Support for @pIgnoreCsvOpt, @pOnlyCsvOpt.    
    2019.09.04  crokusek    Minor debugging improvement
    2020.03.12  crokusek    Detect duplicate rows in either source table
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
begin try

    if (substring(@pTable0, 1, 1) = '#')
        set @pTable0 = 'tempdb..' + @pTable0; -- object_id test below needs full names for temp tables

    if (substring(@pTable1, 1, 1) = '#')
        set @pTable1 = 'tempdb..' + @pTable1; -- object_id test below needs full names for temp tables

    if (object_id(@pTable0) is null)
        raiserror('Table name is not recognized: ''%s''', 16, 1, @pTable0);

    if (object_id(@pTable1) is null)
        raiserror('Table name is not recognized: ''%s''', 16, 1, @pTable1);

    create table #ColumnGathering
    (
        Name nvarchar(300) not null,
        Sequence int not null,
        TableArg tinyint not null
    );

    declare
        @usp          varchar(100) = object_name(@@procid),    
        @sql          nvarchar(4000),
        @sqlTemplate  nvarchar(4000) = 
        '  
            use $database$;

            insert into #ColumnGathering
            select Name, column_id as Sequence, $TableArg$ as TableArg
              from sys.columns c
             where object_id = object_id(''$table$'', ''U'')
        ';          

    set @sql = replace(replace(replace(@sqlTemplate,
        '$TableArg$', 0),
        '$database$', (select DatabaseName from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier(@pTable0))),
        '$table$', @pTable0);

    if (@pDebug = 1)
        print 'Sql #CG 0: ' + @sql;

    exec sp_executesql @sql;

    set @sql = replace(replace(replace(@sqlTemplate,
        '$TableArg$', 1),
        '$database$', (select DatabaseName from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier(@pTable1))),
        '$table$', @pTable1);

    if (@pDebug = 1)
        print 'Sql #CG 1: ' + @sql;

    exec sp_executesql @sql;

    if (@pDebug = 1)
        select * from #ColumnGathering;

    select Name, 
           min(Sequence) as Sequence, 
           convert(bit, iif(min(TableArg) = 0, 1, 0)) as InTable0,
           convert(bit, iif(max(TableArg) = 1, 1, 0)) as InTable1
      into #Columns
      from #ColumnGathering
     group by Name
    having (     @pOnlyCsvOpt is not null 
             and Name in (select Value from Common.ufn_UsvToNVarcharKeyTable(@pOnlyCsvOpt, default)))
        or 
           (     @pOnlyCsvOpt is null
             and @pIgnoreCsvOpt is not null 
             and Name not in (select Value from Common.ufn_UsvToNVarcharKeyTable(@pIgnoreCsvOpt, default)))
        or 
           (     @pOnlyCsvOpt is null
             and @pIgnoreCsvOpt is null)

    if (exists (select 1 from #Columns where InTable0 = 0 or InTable1 = 0))
    begin
        select 1; -- without this the debugging info doesn't stream sometimes
        select * from #Columns order by Sequence;        
        waitfor delay '00:00:02';  -- give results chance to stream before raising exception
        raiserror('Columns are not equal between tables, consider using args @pIgnoreCsvOpt, @pOnlyCsvOpt.  See Result Sets for details.', 16, 1);    
    end

    if (@pDebug = 1)
        select * from #Columns order by Sequence;

    declare 
        @columns nvarchar(4000) = --iif(@pOnlyCsvOpt is null and @pIgnoreCsvOpt is null,
           -- '*',     
            (
              select substring((select ',' + ac.name
                from #Columns ac
               order by Sequence
                 for xml path('')),2,200000) as csv
            );

    if (@pDebug = 1)
    begin
        print 'Columns: ' + @columns;
        waitfor delay '00:00:02';  -- give results chance to stream before possibly raising exception
    end

    -- Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/2077929/538763
    --     - Added sensing for duplicate rows
    --     - Added reporting of source table location
    --
    set @sqlTemplate = '
            with 
               a as (select ~, Row_Number() over (partition by ~ order by (select null)) -1 as Duplicates from $a$), 
               b as (select ~, Row_Number() over (partition by ~ order by (select null)) -1 as Duplicates from $b$)
            select 0 as SourceTable, ~
              from 
                 (
                   select * from a
                   except
                   select * from b
                 )  anb
              union all
             select 1 as SourceTable, ~
               from 
                 (
                   select * from b
                   except
                   select * from a
                 )  bna
             order by $orderBy$
        ';    

     set @sql = replace(replace(replace(replace(@sqlTemplate, 
            '$a$', @pTable0), 
            '$b$', @pTable1),
            '~', @columns),
            '$orderBy$', coalesce(@pOrderByCsvOpt, @columns + ', SourceTable')
        );

     if (@pDebug = 1)
        print 'Sql: ' + @sql;

     exec sp_executesql @sql;

end try
begin catch
    declare        
        @CatchingUsp  varchar(100) = object_name(@@procid);    

    if (xact_state() = -1)
        rollback;    

    -- Disabled for S.O. post

    --exec Common.usp_Log
        --@pMethod = @CatchingUsp;

    --exec Common.usp_RethrowError        
        --@pCatchingMethod = @CatchingUsp;

    throw;
end catch
go

create function Common.Trim
(
    @pOriginalString nvarchar(max), 
    @pCharsToTrim nvarchar(50) = null -- specify null or 'default' for whitespae 
)  
returns table
with schemabinding
as 
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Purpose:   Trim the specified characters from a string.

    Modified    By              Description
    ----------  --------------  --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2012.09.25  S.Rutszy/crok   Modified from https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/133044/9415    
  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
return
with cte AS
(
  select patindex(N'%[^' + EffCharsToTrim + N']%', @pOriginalString) AS [FirstChar],
         patindex(N'%[^' + EffCharsToTrim + N']%', reverse(@pOriginalString)) AS [LastChar],
         len(@pOriginalString + N'~') - 1 AS [ActualLength]
   from
   (
         select EffCharsToTrim = coalesce(@pCharsToTrim, nchar(0x09) + nchar(0x20) + nchar(0x0d) + nchar(0x0a))
   ) c
)
select substring(@pOriginalString, [FirstChar],
                 ((cte.[ActualLength] - [LastChar]) - [FirstChar] + 2)
       ) AS [TrimmedString]
       --
       --cte.[ActualLength],
       --[FirstChar],
       --((cte.[ActualLength] - [LastChar]) + 1) AS [LastChar]              
from cte;
go

create function [Common].[ufn_UsvToNVarcharKeyTable] (
    @pCsvList     nvarchar(MAX),
    @pSeparator   nvarchar(1) = ','       -- can pass keyword 'default' when calling using ()'s
    )    
    --
    -- SQL Server 2012 distinguishes nvarchar keys up to maximum of 450 in length (900 bytes)
    -- 
    returns @tbl table (Value nvarchar(450) not null primary key(Value)) as
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Purpose:  Converts a comma separated list of strings into a sql NVarchar table.  From

              http://www.programmingado.net/a-398/SQL-Server-parsing-CSV-into-table.aspx     

              This may be called from RunSelectQuery:

                  GRANT SELECT ON Common.ufn_UsvToNVarcharTable TO MachCloudDynamicSql;

    Modified    By              Description
    ----------  --------------  -------------------------------------------------------------------
    2011.07.13  internet        Initial version
    2011.11.22  crokusek        Support nvarchar strings and a custom separator.
    2017.12.06  crokusek        Trim leading and trailing whitespace from each element.
    2019.01.26  crokusek        Remove newlines
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/     
begin
    declare 
        @pos      int,
        @textpos  int,
        @chunklen smallint,
        @str      nvarchar(4000),
        @tmpstr   nvarchar(4000),
        @leftover nvarchar(4000),
        @csvList nvarchar(max) = iif(@pSeparator not in (char(13), char(10), char(13) + char(10)),
            replace(replace(@pCsvList, char(13), ''), char(10), ''),
            @pCsvList); -- remove newlines

    set @textpos = 1
    set @leftover = ''  
    while @textpos <= len(@csvList)
    begin
        set @chunklen = 4000 - len(@leftover)
        set @tmpstr = ltrim(@leftover + substring(@csvList, @textpos, @chunklen))
        set @textpos = @textpos + @chunklen

        set @pos = charindex(@pSeparator, @tmpstr)
        while @pos > 0
        begin
            set @str = substring(@tmpstr, 1, @pos - 1)
            set @str = (select TrimmedString from Common.Trim(@str, default));
            insert @tbl (value) values(@str);
            set @tmpstr = ltrim(substring(@tmpstr, @pos + 1, len(@tmpstr)))
            set @pos = charindex(@pSeparator, @tmpstr)
        end

        set @leftover = @tmpstr
    end

    -- Handle @leftover

    set @str = (select TrimmedString from Common.Trim(@leftover, default));

    if @str <> ''
       insert @tbl (value) values(@str);

    return
end
GO

create function Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier(@pIdentifier nvarchar(300))
returns @table table 
(    
    InstanceName          nvarchar(300) not null,
    DatabaseName          nvarchar(300) not null,
    SchemaName            nvarchar(300),
    BaseName              nvarchar(300) not null,
    FullTempDbBaseName    nvarchar(300),            -- non-null for tempdb (e.g. #Abc____...)
    InstanceWasSpecified  bit not null,
    DatabaseWasSpecified  bit not null,
    SchemaWasSpecified    bit not null,
    IsCurrentInstance     bit not null,
    IsCurrentDatabase     bit not null,
    IsTempDb              bit not null,
    OrgIdentifier         nvarchar(300) not null
) as
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Purpose:  Split a Sql Server Identifier into its parts, providing appropriate default values and
              handling temp table (tempdb) references.

    Example:  select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('t')
              union all
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('s.t')
              union all
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('d.s.t')
              union all
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('i.d.s.t')
              union all
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('#d')
              union all
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('tempdb..#d'); 

              -- Empty
              select * from Common.ufn_SplitDbIdentifier('illegal name'); 

    Modified    By              Description
    ----------  --------------  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2013.09.27  crokusek        Initial version.  
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
begin
    declare 
        @name nvarchar(300) = ltrim(rtrim(@pIdentifier));

    -- Return an empty table as a "throw"
    --
    --Removed for SO post
    --if (Common.ufn_IsSpacelessLiteralIdentifier(@name) = 0)
      --  return;

    -- Find dots starting from the right by reversing first.

    declare 
        @revName nvarchar(300) = reverse(@name);

    declare
        @firstDot int = charindex('.', @revName);

    declare
        @secondDot  int = iif(@firstDot = 0,  0, charindex('.', @revName, @firstDot + 1));

    declare
        @thirdDot   int = iif(@secondDot = 0, 0, charindex('.', @revName, @secondDot + 1));

    declare
        @fourthDot  int = iif(@thirdDot = 0, 0, charindex('.', @revName, @thirdDot + 1));

    --select @firstDot, @secondDot, @thirdDot, @fourthDot, len(@name);

    -- Undo the reverse() (first dot is first from the right).
    --
    set @firstDot = iif(@firstDot = 0, 0, len(@name) - @firstDot + 1);
    set @secondDot = iif(@secondDot = 0, 0, len(@name) - @secondDot + 1);
    set @thirdDot = iif(@thirdDot = 0, 0, len(@name) - @thirdDot + 1);
    set @fourthDot = iif(@fourthDot = 0, 0, len(@name) - @fourthDot + 1);

    --select @firstDot, @secondDot, @thirdDot, @fourthDot, len(@name);

    declare
        @baseName   nvarchar(300)  = substring(@name, @firstDot + 1, len(@name) - @firstdot);

    declare
        @schemaName nvarchar(300) = iif(@firstDot - @secondDot - 1 <= 0, 
                                        null,
                                        substring(@name, @secondDot + 1, @firstDot - @secondDot - 1));
    declare
        @dbName     nvarchar(300) = iif(@secondDot - @thirdDot - 1 <= 0, 
                                        null,
                                        substring(@name, @thirdDot + 1, @secondDot - @thirdDot - 1));
    declare
        @instName   nvarchar(300) = iif(@thirdDot - @fourthDot - 1 <= 0, 
                                        null, 
                                        substring(@name, @fourthDot + 1, @thirdDot - @fourthDot - 1));

    with input as (
        select
           coalesce(@instName, '[' + @@servername + ']') as InstanceName,
           coalesce(@dbName,     iif(left(@baseName, 1) = '#', 'tempdb', db_name())) as DatabaseName,
           coalesce(@schemaName, iif(left(@baseName, 1) = '#', 'dbo', schema_name())) as SchemaName,
           @baseName as BaseName,
           iif(left(@baseName, 1) = '#',
               (
                  select [name] from tempdb.sys.objects
                  where object_id = object_id('tempdb..' + @baseName)
               ), 
               null) as FullTempDbBaseName,                
           iif(@instName is null, 0, 1) InstanceWasSpecified,       
           iif(@dbName is null, 0, 1) DatabaseWasSpecified,
           iif(@schemaName is null, 0, 1) SchemaWasSpecified    
     )
     insert into @table           
     select i.InstanceName, i.DatabaseName, i.SchemaName, i.BaseName, i.FullTempDbBaseName,
            i.InstanceWasSpecified, i.DatabaseWasSpecified, i.SchemaWasSpecified,
            iif(i.InstanceName = '[' + @@servername + ']', 1, 0) as IsCurrentInstance,
            iif(i.DatabaseName = db_name(), 1, 0) as IsCurrentDatabase,
            iif(left(@baseName, 1) = '#', 1, 0) as IsTempDb,
            @name as OrgIdentifier
       from input i;

    return;
end
GO

Anda dapat menggunakan kecuali, misalnya sesuatu seperti ini:

-- DB1..Tb1 have values than DB2..Tb1 not have
Select Col1,Col2,Col3 From DB1..Tb1
except
Select Col1,Col2,Col3 From DB2..Tb1
-- Now we change order
-- DB2..Tb1 have values than DB1..Tb1 not have
Select Col1,Col2,Col3 From DB2..Tb1
except
Select Col1,Col2,Col3 From DB1..Tb1

Untuk tes asap sederhana di mana Anda mencoba memastikan dua tabel cocok tanpa khawatir tentang nama kolom:

--ensure tables have matching records
Select count (*) from tbl_A
Select count (*) from tbl_B

--create temp table of all records in both tables
Select * into #demo from tbl_A 
Union All
Select * from tbl_B

--Distinct #demo records = Total #demo records/2 = Total tbl_A records = total tbl_B records
Select distinct * from #demo 

Anda dapat dengan mudah menulis prosedur toko untuk membandingkan beberapa tabel.

Ada masalah kinerja yang terkait dengan gabung kiri serta gabung penuh dengan data besar.

Menurut saya ini adalah solusi terbaik:

select [First Name], count(1) e from (select * from [Temp Test Data] union all select * from [Temp Test Data 2]) a group by [First Name] having e = 1