Periksa apakah string berisi string dalam C ++

Saya memiliki variabel tipe std::string. Saya ingin memeriksa apakah mengandung tertentu std::string. Bagaimana saya melakukannya?

Apakah ada fungsi yang mengembalikan true jika string ditemukan, dan false jika tidak?

Gunakan std::string::findsebagai berikut:

if (s1.find(s2) != std::string::npos) {
    std::cout << "found!" << '\n';
}

Catatan: "ditemukan!" akan dicetak jika s2merupakan substring dari s1, keduanya s1dan s2berjenis std::string.

Anda dapat mencoba menggunakan findfungsi ini:

string str ("There are two needles in this haystack.");
string str2 ("needle");

if (str.find(str2) != string::npos) {
//.. found.
} 

Sebenarnya, Anda dapat mencoba menggunakan boost library, saya pikir std :: string tidak menyediakan metode yang cukup untuk melakukan semua operasi string yang umum. Dalam boost, Anda bisa menggunakan boost::algorithm::contains:

#include <string>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>

int main() {
    std::string s("gengjiawen");
    std::string t("geng");
    bool b = boost::algorithm::contains(s, t);
    std::cout << b << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Anda bisa mencoba ini

string s1 = "Hello";
string s2 = "el";
if(strstr(s1.c_str(),s2.c_str()))
{
   cout << " S1 Contains S2";
}

Jika fungsionalitasnya penting bagi sistem Anda, sebenarnya bermanfaat untuk menggunakan strstrmetode lama . The std::searchMetode dalamalgorithm adalah paling lambat mungkin. Dugaan saya adalah bahwa dibutuhkan banyak waktu untuk membuat iterator tersebut.

Kode yang saya gunakan untuk mengatur waktu semuanya adalah

#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <chrono>

std::string randomString( size_t len );

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
        using namespace std::chrono;

        const size_t haystacksCount = 200000;
        std::string haystacks[haystacksCount];
        std::string needle = "hello";

        bool sink = true;

        high_resolution_clock::time_point start, end;
        duration<double> timespan;

        int sizes[10] = { 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 5120, 10240 };

        for(int s=0; s<10; ++s)
        {
                std::cout << std::endl << "Generating " << haystacksCount << " random haystacks of size " << sizes[s] << std::endl;
                for(size_t i=0; i<haystacksCount; ++i)
                {
                        haystacks[i] = randomString(sizes[s]);
                }

                std::cout << "Starting std::string.find approach" << std::endl;
                start = high_resolution_clock::now();
                for(size_t i=0; i<haystacksCount; ++i)
                {
                        if(haystacks[i].find(needle) != std::string::npos)
                        {
                                sink = !sink; // useless action
                        }
                }
                end = high_resolution_clock::now();
                timespan = duration_cast<duration<double>>(end-start);
                std::cout << "Processing of " << haystacksCount << " elements took " << timespan.count() << " seconds." << std::endl;

                std::cout << "Starting strstr approach" << std::endl;
                start = high_resolution_clock::now();
                for(size_t i=0; i<haystacksCount; ++i)
                {
                        if(strstr(haystacks[i].c_str(), needle.c_str()))
                        {
                                sink = !sink; // useless action
                        }
                }
                end = high_resolution_clock::now();
                timespan = duration_cast<duration<double>>(end-start);
                std::cout << "Processing of " << haystacksCount << " elements took " << timespan.count() << " seconds." << std::endl;

                std::cout << "Starting std::search approach" << std::endl;
                start = high_resolution_clock::now();
                for(size_t i=0; i<haystacksCount; ++i)
                {
                        if(std::search(haystacks[i].begin(), haystacks[i].end(), needle.begin(), needle.end()) != haystacks[i].end())
                        {
                                sink = !sink; // useless action
                        }
                }
                end = high_resolution_clock::now();
                timespan = duration_cast<duration<double>>(end-start);
                std::cout << "Processing of " << haystacksCount << " elements took " << timespan.count() << " seconds." << std::endl;
        }

        return 0;
}

std::string randomString( size_t len)
{
        static const char charset[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
        static const int charsetLen = sizeof(charset) - 1;
        static std::default_random_engine rng(std::random_device{}());
        static std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(0, charsetLen);
        auto randChar = [charset, &dist, &rng]() -> char
        {
                return charset[ dist(rng) ];
        };

        std::string result(len, 0);
        std::generate_n(result.begin(), len, randChar);
        return result;
}

Di sini saya menghasilkan acak haystacksdan mencari di dalamnyaneedle . Hitungan tumpukan jerami diatur, tetapi panjang string dalam setiap tumpukan jerami meningkat dari 10 di awal menjadi 10.240 pada akhirnya. Sebagian besar waktu yang dihabiskan oleh program benar-benar menghasilkan string acak, tetapi itulah yang diharapkan.

Outputnya adalah:

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 10
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00358503 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0022727 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0346258 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 20
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00480959 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00236199 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0586416 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 40
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0082571 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00341435 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0952996 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 80
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0148288 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00399263 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.175945 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 160
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0293496 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00504251 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.343452 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 320
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0522893 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00850485 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.64133 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 640
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.102082 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.00925799 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 1.26321 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 1280
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.208057 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0105039 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 2.57404 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 5120
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.798496 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0137969 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 10.3573 seconds.

Generating 200000 random haystacks of size 10240
Starting std::string.find approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 1.58171 seconds.
Starting strstr approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 0.0143111 seconds.
Starting std::search approach
Processing of 200000 elements took 20.4163 seconds.

Jika Anda tidak ingin menggunakan fungsi pustaka standar, di bawah ini adalah salah satu solusinya.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

bool CheckSubstring(std::string firstString, std::string secondString){
    if(secondString.size() > firstString.size())
        return false;

    for (int i = 0; i < firstString.size(); i++){
        int j = 0;
        // If the first characters match
        if(firstString[i] == secondString[j]){
            int k = i;
            while (firstString[i] == secondString[j] && j < secondString.size()){
                j++;
                i++;
            }
            if (j == secondString.size())
                return true;
            else // Re-initialize i to its original value
                i = k;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

int main(){
    std::string firstString, secondString;

    std::cout << "Enter first string:";
    std::getline(std::cin, firstString);

    std::cout << "Enter second string:";
    std::getline(std::cin, secondString);

    if(CheckSubstring(firstString, secondString))
        std::cout << "Second string is a substring of the frist string.\n";
    else
        std::cout << "Second string is not a substring of the first string.\n";

    return 0;
}

Jika ukuran string relatif besar (ratusan byte atau lebih) dan c ++ 17 tersedia, Anda mungkin ingin menggunakan pencari Boyer-Moore-Horspool (contoh dari cppreference.com):

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>

int main()
{
    std::string in = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,"
                     " sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua";
    std::string needle = "pisci";
    auto it = std::search(in.begin(), in.end(),
                   std::boyer_moore_searcher(
                       needle.begin(), needle.end()));
    if(it != in.end())
        std::cout << "The string " << needle << " found at offset "
                  << it - in.begin() << '\n';
    else
        std::cout << "The string " << needle << " not found\n";
}

Anda juga dapat menggunakan System namespace. Kemudian Anda bisa menggunakan metode berisi.

#include <iostream>
using namespace System;

int main(){
    String ^ wholeString = "My name is Malindu";

    if(wholeString->ToLower()->Contains("malindu")){
        std::cout<<"Found";
    }
    else{
        std::cout<<"Not Found";
    }
}

Ini adalah fungsi yang sederhana

bool find(string line, string sWord)
{
    bool flag = false;
    int index = 0, i, helper = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < line.size(); i++)
    {
        if (sWord.at(index) == line.at(i))
        {
            if (flag == false)
            {
                flag = true;
                helper = i;
            }
            index++;
        }
        else
        {
            flag = false;
            index = 0;
        }
        if (index == sWord.size())
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if ((i+1-helper) == index)
    {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

#include <algorithm>        // std::search
#include <string>
using std::search; using std::count; using std::string;

int main() {
    string mystring = "The needle in the haystack";
    string str = "needle";
    string::const_iterator it;
    it = search(mystring.begin(), mystring.end(), 
                str.begin(), str.end()) != mystring.end();

    // if string is found... returns iterator to str's first element in mystring
    // if string is not found... returns iterator to mystring.end()

if (it != mystring.end())
    // string is found
else
    // not found

return 0;
}

Dari begitu banyak jawaban di situs web ini saya tidak menemukan jawaban yang jelas sehingga dalam 5-10 menit saya menemukan jawabannya sendiri. Tetapi ini bisa dilakukan dalam dua kasus:

1. Entah Anda TAHU posisi sub-string yang Anda cari dalam string
2. Entah Anda tidak tahu posisi dan mencarinya, char by char ...

Jadi, mari kita asumsikan kita mencari substring "cd" di string "abcde", dan kita menggunakan fungsi built-in substr yang paling sederhana di C ++

untuk 1:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

    using namespace std;
int i;

int main()
{
    string a = "abcde";
    string b = a.substr(2,2);    // 2 will be c. Why? because we start counting from 0 in a string, not from 1.

    cout << "substring of a is: " << b << endl;
    return 0;
}

untuk 2:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
int i;

int main()
{
    string a = "abcde";

    for (i=0;i<a.length(); i++)
    {
        if (a.substr(i,2) == "cd")
        {
        cout << "substring of a is: " << a.substr(i,2) << endl;    // i will iterate from 0 to 5 and will display the substring only when the condition is fullfilled 
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Kita bisa menggunakan metode ini sebagai gantinya. Hanya sebuah contoh dari proyek saya. Lihat kodenya. Beberapa tambahan juga disertakan.

Lihatlah pernyataan if!

/*
Every C++ program should have an entry point. Usually, this is the main function.
Every C++ Statement ends with a ';' (semi-colon)
But, pre-processor statements do not have ';'s at end.
Also, every console program can be ended using "cin.get();" statement, so that the console won't exit instantly.
*/

#include <string>
#include <bits/stdc++.h> //Can Use instead of iostream. Also should be included to use the transform function.

using namespace std;
int main(){ //The main function. This runs first in every program.

    string input;

    while(input!="exit"){
        cin>>input;
        transform(input.begin(),input.end(),input.begin(),::tolower); //Converts to lowercase.

        if(input.find("name") != std::string::npos){ //Gets a boolean value regarding the availability of the said text.
            cout<<"My Name is AI \n";
        }

        if(input.find("age") != std::string::npos){
            cout<<"My Age is 2 minutes \n";
        }
    }

}