Bagaimana cara menyesuaikan format waktu untuk pendataan Python?

Saya baru mengenal paket logging Python dan berencana menggunakannya untuk proyek saya. Saya ingin menyesuaikan format waktu sesuai selera saya. Ini adalah kode pendek yang saya salin dari tutorial:

import logging

# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger("logging_tryout2")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create console handler and set level to debug
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s;%(levelname)s;%(message)s")

# add formatter to ch
ch.setFormatter(formatter)

# add ch to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)

# "application" code
logger.debug("debug message")
logger.info("info message")
logger.warn("warn message")
logger.error("error message")
logger.critical("critical message")

Dan inilah hasilnya:

2010-07-10 10:46:28,811;DEBUG;debug message
2010-07-10 10:46:28,812;INFO;info message
2010-07-10 10:46:28,812;WARNING;warn message
2010-07-10 10:46:28,812;ERROR;error message
2010-07-10 10:46:28,813;CRITICAL;critical message

Saya ingin mempersingkat format waktu menjadi hanya: ' 2010-07-10 10:46:28', menjatuhkan sufiks mili-detik. Saya melihat Formatter.formatTime, tetapi bingung. Saya menghargai bantuan Anda untuk mencapai tujuan saya. Terima kasih.

Dari dokumentasi resmi mengenai kelas Formatter:

Konstruktor mengambil dua argumen opsional: string format pesan dan string format tanggal.

Jadi berubah

# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s;%(levelname)s;%(message)s")

untuk

# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s;%(levelname)s;%(message)s",
                              "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

Menggunakan logging.basicConfig, contoh berikut ini berfungsi untuk saya:

logging.basicConfig(
    filename='HISTORYlistener.log',
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s.%(msecs)03d %(levelname)s %(module)s - %(funcName)s: %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
)

Ini memungkinkan Anda untuk memformat & mengkonfigurasi semua dalam satu baris. Catatan log yang dihasilkan terlihat sebagai berikut:

2014-05-26 12:22:52.376 CRITICAL historylistener - main: History log failed to start

jika menggunakan logging.config.fileConfig dengan file konfigurasi gunakan sesuatu seperti:

[formatter_simpleFormatter]
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s
datefmt=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S

Untuk menambah jawaban lain, berikut adalah daftar variabel dari Dokumentasi Python.

Directive   Meaning Notes

%a  Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.   
%A  Locale’s full weekday name.  
%b  Locale’s abbreviated month name.     
%B  Locale’s full month name.    
%c  Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.   
%d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].    
%H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].    
%I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].    
%j  Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].   
%m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].   
%M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].  
%p  Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. (1)
%S  Second as a decimal number [00,61]. (2)
%U  Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.    (3)
%w  Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].   
%W  Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.    (3)
%x  Locale’s appropriate date representation.    
%X  Locale’s appropriate time representation.    
%y  Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].    
%Y  Year with century as a decimal number.   
%z  Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].  
%Z  Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).   
%%  A literal '%' character.