Menghubungkan ke server Microsoft SQL menggunakan Python

97

Saya mencoba menyambung ke SQL melalui python untuk menjalankan beberapa kueri pada beberapa database SQL di server Microsoft SQL. Dari penelitian saya secara online dan di forum ini perpustakaan yang paling menjanjikan tampaknya adalah pyodbc. Jadi saya telah membuat kode berikut

import pyodbc
conn = pyodbc.connect(init_string="driver={SQLOLEDB}; server=+ServerName+; 
database=+MSQLDatabase+; trusted_connection=true")
cursor = conn.cursor()

dan dapatkan error berikut

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users...\scrap.py", line 3, in <module>
    conn = pyodbc.connect(init_string="driver={SQLOLEDB}; server=+ServerName+; database=+MSQLDatabase+; trusted_connection=true")
pyodbc.Error: ('IM002', '[IM002] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver Manager] Data source name not found and no default driver specified (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')

I have looked at the folowing posts and tried changing my driver to {sql server} and have connected using ODBC links before in SAS, which is partially what my above code is based on, so don't think I need to install anything else.

pyodbc.Error: ('IM002', '[IM002] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Data source name not found, and no default driver specified (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')

Pyodbc - "Data source name not found, and no default driver specified"

Thanks

python  sql  windows 
— Christopher Ell
sumber

Jawaban:

144

This is how I do it...

import pyodbc 
cnxn = pyodbc.connect("Driver={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};"
                      "Server=server_name;"
                      "Database=db_name;"
                      "Trusted_Connection=yes;")


cursor = cnxn.cursor()
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM Table')

for row in cursor:
    print('row = %r' % (row,))

Relevant resources:

— ASH
sumber
62

Minor addition to what has been said before. You likely want to return a dataframe. This would be done as

import pypyodbc 
import pandas as pd

cnxn = pypyodbc.connect("Driver={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};"
                        "Server=server_name;"
                        "Database=db_name;"
                        "uid=User;pwd=password")
df = pd.read_sql_query('select * from table', cnxn)
— Keith
sumber
38

In data source connections between a client and server there are two general types: ODBC which uses a DRIVER and OLEDB which uses a PROVIDER. And in the programming world, it is a regular debate as to which route to go in connecting to data sources.

You are using a provider, SQLOLEDB, but specifying it as a driver. As far as I know, neither the pyodbc nor pypyodbc modules support Window OLEDB connections. However, the adodbapi does which uses the Microsoft ADO as an underlying component.

Below are both approaches for your connection parameters. Also, I string format your variables as your concatenation did not properly break quotes within string. You'll notice I double the curly braces since it is needed in connection string and string.format() also uses it.

# PROVIDER
import adodbapi
conn = adodbapi.connect("PROVIDER=SQLOLEDB;Data Source={0};Database={1}; \
       trusted_connection=yes;UID={2};PWD={3};".format(ServerName,MSQLDatabase,username,password))
cursor = conn.cursor()

# DRIVER
import pyodbc
conn = pyodbc.connect("DRIVER={{SQL Server}};SERVER={0}; database={1}; \
       trusted_connection=yes;UID={2};PWD={3}".format(ServerName,MSQLDatabase,username,password))
cursor = conn.cursor()
— Parfait
sumber
Thanks for the explanation and code I got the driver one to work. Although I had to get rid of the .format(...) and put the variables in the proper places. What was the format meant to do?
— Christopher Ell
1
You need to install adodbapi to use OLEDB connection. And string format is the recommended way to pass variables into a string rather than using the + operator. The curly braces with numbers are placeholders which format() fills in accordingly. You can even pass in lists and tuples using format(). Your original code did not break string and variables by quotes, so + was considered part of string.
— Parfait
4
While this answer is great and helped me to get the issue resolved. whoever is trying to do it remember you may get an exception if you set trusted connection= yes and enter the UID/pwd in the same connection string. This is a either/or combination & when you use trusted connection your NT/system credential is used for authentication even if you are explicitly mentioning UID/PWD.
— S4nd33p
4

Try using pytds, it works throughout more complexity environment than pyodbc and more easier to setup.

I made it work on Ubuntu 18.04

Ref: https://github.com/denisenkom/pytds

Example code in documentation:

import pytds
with pytds.connect('server', 'database', 'user', 'password') as conn:
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute("select 1")
        cur.fetchall()
— Alfred Huang
sumber
1
Thank you. Works like a charm without any complex setup.
— Shubham Patel
3

Following Python code worked for me. To check the ODBC connection, I first created a 4 line C# console application as listed below.

Python Code

import pandas as pd
import pyodbc 
cnxn = pyodbc.connect("Driver={SQL Server};Server=serverName;UID=UserName;PWD=Password;Database=RCO_DW;")
df = pd.read_sql_query('select TOP 10 * from dbo.Table WHERE Patient_Key > 1000', cnxn)
df.head()

Calling a Stored Procedure

 dfProcResult = pd.read_sql_query('exec dbo.usp_GetPatientProfile ?', cnxn, params=['MyParam'] )

C# Program to Check ODBC Connection

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string connectionString = "Driver={SQL Server};Server=serverName;UID=UserName;PWD=Password;Database=RCO_DW;";
        OdbcConnection cn = new OdbcConnection(connectionString);
        cn.Open();
        cn.Close();
    }
— LCJ
sumber
0

An alternative approach would be installing Microsoft ODBC Driver 13, then replace SQLOLEDB with ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server

Regards.

— mondieki
sumber
0

here's the one that works for me:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import urllib

conn_str = (
r'Driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server;'
r'Server=DefinitelyNotProd;'
r'Database=PlayPen;'
r'Trusted_Connection=Yes;')

quoted_conn_str = urllib.parse.quote_plus(conn_str)
engine = create_engine('mssql+pyodbc:///?odbc_connect={}'.format(quoted_conn_str))
— James
sumber
0

I found up-to-date resources here: Microsoft | SQL Docs | Python SQL Driver

There are these two options explained including all the prerequisites needed and code examples: Python SQL driver - pyodbc (tested & working) Python SQL driver - pymssql

— Karl
sumber
Hi - Welcome to Stack Overflow - you should aim to address the question with some ideas(new ideas in this case) - Some of your own code or a new approach. Then use some links in order to provide more aid or back up your solution. You shouldn't just post some links.
— Alex Leo
0

My version. Hope it helps. 


import pandas.io.sql
import pyodbc
import sys

server = 'example'
db = 'NORTHWND'
db2 = 'example'

#Crear la conexión
conn = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER=' + server +
                      ';DATABASE=' + db +
                      ';DATABASE=' + db2 +
                      ';Trusted_Connection=yes')
#Query db
sql = """SELECT [EmployeeID]
      ,[LastName]
      ,[FirstName]
      ,[Title]
      ,[TitleOfCourtesy]
      ,[BirthDate]
      ,[HireDate]
      ,[Address]
      ,[City]
      ,[Region]
      ,[PostalCode]
      ,[Country]
      ,[HomePhone]
      ,[Extension]
      ,[Photo]
      ,[Notes]
      ,[ReportsTo]
      ,[PhotoPath]
  FROM [NORTHWND].[dbo].[Employees] """
data_frame = pd.read_sql(sql, conn)
data_frame
— Jose Garcia
sumber
0

I tried to connect sql server in following ways and those worked for me.

To connect using windows authentication

import pyodbc

conn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};Server='+servername+';Trusted_Connection=yes;Database='+databasename+';')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("Select 1 as Data")

To use sql server authentication I used following code.

import pyodbc

conn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};Server='+servername+  ';UID='+userid+';PWD='+password+';Database='+databasename) 
cursor1 = conn.cursor()
cursor1.execute("SELECT 1 AS DATA")
— SRK_124
sumber
0

Try with pymssql: pip install pymssql

import pymssql

try:
    conn = pymssql.connect(server="host_or_ip", user="your_username", password="your_password", database="your_db")
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute ("SELECT @@VERSION")
    row = cursor.fetchone()
    print(f"\n\nSERVER VERSION:\n\n{row[0]}")
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
except Exception:
    print("\nERROR: Unable to connect to the server.")
    exit(-1)

Output:

SERVER VERSION:

Microsoft SQL Server 2016 (SP2-CU14) (KB4564903) - 13.0.5830.85 (X64)
        Jul 31 2020 18:47:07
        Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
        Standard Edition (64-bit) on Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard 6.3 <X64> (Build 9600: ) (Hypervisor)

The connection can also be checked from the terminal, with a single line of code with sqlcmd. See syntax.

╔═════════╦═════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Command ║               Description               ║
╠═════════╬═════════════════════════════════════════╣
║   -S    ║ [protocol:]server[instance_name][,port] ║
║   -U    ║ login_id                                ║
║   -p    ║ password                                ║
║   -Q    ║ "cmdline query" (and exit)              ║
╚═════════╩═════════════════════════════════════════╝

sqlcmd -S "host_or_ip"  -U "your_username" -p -Q "SELECT @@VERSION"

output:

Password:    your_password



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 (SP2-CU14) (KB4564903) - 13.0.5830.85 (X64) 
        Jul 31 2020 18:47:07 
        Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
        Standard Edition (64-bit) on Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard 6.3 <X64> (Build 9600: ) (Hypervisor)


(1 rows affected)

Network packet size (bytes): 4096
1 xact[s]:
Clock Time (ms.): total         1  avg   1.00 (1000.00 xacts per sec.)
— Milovan Tomašević
sumber
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