Jawaban:
Dari: http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html :
(11) Bagaimana cara menambah atau menghapus kolom dari tabel yang ada di SQLite.
SQLite memiliki dukungan ALTER TABLE terbatas yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk menambahkan kolom ke akhir tabel atau untuk mengubah nama tabel. Jika Anda ingin membuat perubahan yang lebih kompleks dalam struktur tabel, Anda harus membuat ulang tabel tersebut. Anda dapat menyimpan data yang ada ke tabel sementara, melepaskan tabel lama, membuat tabel baru, lalu menyalin kembali data dari tabel sementara.
Misalnya, Anda memiliki tabel bernama "t1" dengan nama kolom "a", "b", dan "c" dan Anda ingin menghapus kolom "c" dari tabel ini. Langkah-langkah berikut menggambarkan bagaimana ini dapat dilakukan:
BEGIN TRANSACTION; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1_backup(a,b); INSERT INTO t1_backup SELECT a,b FROM t1; DROP TABLE t1; CREATE TABLE t1(a,b); INSERT INTO t1 SELECT a,b FROM t1_backup; DROP TABLE t1_backup; COMMIT;
TEMPORARY
dari CREATE TABLE
.
Alih-alih menghapus tabel cadangan, cukup ganti namanya ...
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE t1_backup(a,b);
INSERT INTO t1_backup SELECT a,b FROM t1;
DROP TABLE t1;
ALTER TABLE t1_backup RENAME TO t1;
COMMIT;
t1
.
Untuk kesederhanaan, mengapa tidak membuat tabel cadangan dari pernyataan pilih?
CREATE TABLE t1_backup AS SELECT a, b FROM t1;
DROP TABLE t1;
ALTER TABLE t1_backup RENAME TO t1;
TEXT
.
Opsi ini hanya berfungsi jika Anda dapat membuka DB di Browser DB seperti Browser DB untuk SQLite .
Di Browser DB untuk SQLite:
=> Buat tabel baru langsung dengan query berikut:
CREATE TABLE table_name (Column_1 TEXT,Column_2 TEXT);
=> Sekarang masukkan data ke dalam nama_tabel dari tabel_yang ada dengan kueri berikut:
INSERT INTO table_name (Column_1,Column_2) FROM existing_table;
=> Sekarang jatuhkan tabel_yang ada dengan kueri berikut:
DROP TABLE existing_table;
Untuk SQLite3 c ++:
void GetTableColNames( tstring sTableName , std::vector<tstring> *pvsCols )
{
UASSERT(pvsCols);
CppSQLite3Table table1;
tstring sDML = StringOps::std_sprintf(_T("SELECT * FROM %s") , sTableName.c_str() );
table1 = getTable( StringOps::tstringToUTF8string(sDML).c_str() );
for ( int nCol = 0 ; nCol < table1.numFields() ; nCol++ )
{
const char* pch1 = table1.fieldName(nCol);
pvsCols->push_back( StringOps::UTF8charTo_tstring(pch1));
}
}
bool ColExists( tstring sColName )
{
bool bColExists = true;
try
{
tstring sQuery = StringOps::std_sprintf(_T("SELECT %s FROM MyOriginalTable LIMIT 1;") , sColName.c_str() );
ShowVerbalMessages(false);
CppSQLite3Query q = execQuery( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(sQuery).c_str() );
ShowVerbalMessages(true);
}
catch (CppSQLite3Exception& e)
{
bColExists = false;
}
return bColExists;
}
void DeleteColumns( std::vector<tstring> *pvsColsToDelete )
{
UASSERT(pvsColsToDelete);
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(_T("begin transaction;")).c_str() );
std::vector<tstring> vsCols;
GetTableColNames( _T("MyOriginalTable") , &vsCols );
CreateFields( _T("TempTable1") , false );
tstring sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas;
for ( int nCol = 0 ; nCol < vsCols.size() ; nCol++ )
{
tstring sColNameCurr = vsCols.at(nCol);
bool bUseCol = true;
for ( int nColsToDelete = 0; nColsToDelete < pvsColsToDelete->size() ; nColsToDelete++ )
{
if ( pvsColsToDelete->at(nColsToDelete) == sColNameCurr )
{
bUseCol = false;
break;
}
}
if ( bUseCol )
sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas+= (sColNameCurr + _T(","));
}
if ( sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas.at( int(sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas.size()) - 1) == _T(','))
sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas.erase( int(sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas.size()) - 1 );
tstring sDML;
sDML = StringOps::std_sprintf(_T("insert into TempTable1 SELECT %s FROM MyOriginalTable;\n") , sFieldNamesSeperatedByCommas.c_str() );
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(sDML).c_str() );
sDML = StringOps::std_sprintf(_T("ALTER TABLE MyOriginalTable RENAME TO MyOriginalTable_old\n") );
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(sDML).c_str() );
sDML = StringOps::std_sprintf(_T("ALTER TABLE TempTable1 RENAME TO MyOriginalTable\n") );
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(sDML).c_str() );
sDML = ( _T("DROP TABLE MyOriginalTable_old;") );
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(sDML).c_str() );
execDML( StringOps::tstringTo_stdString(_T("commit transaction;")).c_str() );
}
Saya telah membuat fungsi Python di mana Anda memasukkan tabel dan kolom untuk dihapus sebagai argumen:
def removeColumn(table, column):
columns = []
for row in c.execute('PRAGMA table_info(' + table + ')'):
columns.append(row[1])
columns.remove(column)
columns = str(columns)
columns = columns.replace("[", "(")
columns = columns.replace("]", ")")
for i in ["\'", "(", ")"]:
columns = columns.replace(i, "")
c.execute('CREATE TABLE temptable AS SELECT ' + columns + ' FROM ' + table)
c.execute('DROP TABLE ' + table)
c.execute('ALTER TABLE temptable RENAME TO ' + table)
conn.commit()
Sesuai info tentang jawaban Duda dan MeBigFatGuy, ini tidak akan berfungsi jika ada kunci asing di atas meja, tetapi ini dapat diperbaiki dengan 2 baris kode (membuat tabel baru dan tidak hanya mengganti nama tabel sementara)
Jika ada yang membutuhkan fungsi PHP (hampir) siap pakai, berikut ini didasarkan pada jawaban ini :
/**
* Remove a column from a table.
*
* @param string $tableName The table to remove the column from.
* @param string $columnName The column to remove from the table.
*/
public function DropTableColumn($tableName, $columnName)
{
// --
// Determine all columns except the one to remove.
$columnNames = array();
$statement = $pdo->prepare("PRAGMA table_info($tableName);");
$statement->execute(array());
$rows = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
$hasColumn = false;
foreach ($rows as $row)
{
if(strtolower($row->name) !== strtolower($columnName))
{
array_push($columnNames, $row->name);
}
else
{
$hasColumn = true;
}
}
// Column does not exist in table, no need to do anything.
if ( !$hasColumn ) return;
// --
// Actually execute the SQL.
$columns = implode('`,`', $columnNames);
$statement = $pdo->exec(
"CREATE TABLE `t1_backup` AS SELECT `$columns` FROM `$tableName`;
DROP TABLE `$tableName`;
ALTER TABLE `t1_backup` RENAME TO `$tableName`;");
}
Berbeda dengan jawaban lain, SQL yang digunakan dalam pendekatan ini tampaknya mempertahankan tipe data kolom, sedangkan sesuatu seperti jawaban yang diterima tampaknya menghasilkan semua kolom menjadi tipe TEXT
.
Pembaruan 1:
SQL yang digunakan memiliki kekurangan yaitu autoincrement
kolom tidak dipertahankan.
Untuk berjaga-jaga jika itu bisa membantu seseorang seperti saya.
Berdasarkan situs resmi dan jawaban yang diterima , saya membuat kode menggunakan C # yang menggunakan paket System.Data.SQLite NuGet.
Kode ini juga mempertahankan kunci Primer dan kunci Asing .
KODE di C #:
void RemoveColumnFromSqlite (string tableName, string columnToRemove) {
try {
var mSqliteDbConnection = new SQLiteConnection ("Data Source=db_folder\\MySqliteBasedApp.db;Version=3;Page Size=1024;");
mSqliteDbConnection.Open ();
// Reads all columns definitions from table
List<string> columnDefinition = new List<string> ();
var mSql = $"SELECT type, sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='{tableName}'";
var mSqliteCommand = new SQLiteCommand (mSql, mSqliteDbConnection);
string sqlScript = "";
using (mSqliteReader = mSqliteCommand.ExecuteReader ()) {
while (mSqliteReader.Read ()) {
sqlScript = mSqliteReader["sql"].ToString ();
break;
}
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (sqlScript)) {
// Gets string within first '(' and last ')' characters
int firstIndex = sqlScript.IndexOf ("(");
int lastIndex = sqlScript.LastIndexOf (")");
if (firstIndex >= 0 && lastIndex <= sqlScript.Length - 1) {
sqlScript = sqlScript.Substring (firstIndex, lastIndex - firstIndex + 1);
}
string[] scriptParts = sqlScript.Split (new string[] { "," }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
foreach (string s in scriptParts) {
if (!s.Contains (columnToRemove)) {
columnDefinition.Add (s);
}
}
}
string columnDefinitionString = string.Join (",", columnDefinition);
// Reads all columns from table
List<string> columns = new List<string> ();
mSql = $"PRAGMA table_info({tableName})";
mSqliteCommand = new SQLiteCommand (mSql, mSqliteDbConnection);
using (mSqliteReader = mSqliteCommand.ExecuteReader ()) {
while (mSqliteReader.Read ()) columns.Add (mSqliteReader["name"].ToString ());
}
columns.Remove (columnToRemove);
string columnString = string.Join (",", columns);
mSql = "PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF";
mSqliteCommand = new SQLiteCommand (mSql, mSqliteDbConnection);
int n = mSqliteCommand.ExecuteNonQuery ();
// Removes a column from the table
using (SQLiteTransaction tr = mSqliteDbConnection.BeginTransaction ()) {
using (SQLiteCommand cmd = mSqliteDbConnection.CreateCommand ()) {
cmd.Transaction = tr;
string query = $"CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE {tableName}_backup {columnDefinitionString}";
cmd.CommandText = query;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
cmd.CommandText = $"INSERT INTO {tableName}_backup SELECT {columnString} FROM {tableName}";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
cmd.CommandText = $"DROP TABLE {tableName}";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
cmd.CommandText = $"CREATE TABLE {tableName} {columnDefinitionString}";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
cmd.CommandText = $"INSERT INTO {tableName} SELECT {columnString} FROM {tableName}_backup;";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
cmd.CommandText = $"DROP TABLE {tableName}_backup";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery ();
}
tr.Commit ();
}
mSql = "PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON";
mSqliteCommand = new SQLiteCommand (mSql, mSqliteDbConnection);
n = mSqliteCommand.ExecuteNonQuery ();
} catch (Exception ex) {
HandleExceptions (ex);
}
}
PRAGMA foreign_keys=off;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
ALTER TABLE table1 RENAME TO _table1_old;
CREATE TABLE table1 (
( column1 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
column2 datatype [ NULL | NOT NULL ],
...
);
INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2, ... column_n)
SELECT column1, column2, ... column_n
FROM _table1_old;
COMMIT;
PRAGMA foreign_keys=on;
Untuk info lebih lanjut: https://www.techonthenet.com/sqlite/tables/alter_table.php