Menghitung dan menjumlahkan urutan angka positif dan negatif

Saya ingin menulis kode untuk menghitung dan menjumlahkan serangkaian angka positif dan negatif.
Bilangan positif atau negatif (tidak nol).
Saya memiliki kode tertulis dengan forloop. Apakah ada alternatif kreatif?

Data

R

set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)

ular sanca

x = [-0.01, 0.003, -0.002, 0.018, 0.002, 0.006, -0.012, 0.014, -0.017, -0.007,

     0.002, 0.002, -0.004, 0.015, 0.002, -0.001, -0.008, 0.01, -0.018, 0.046]

loop

R

sign_indicator <- ifelse(x > 0, 1,-1)
number_of_sequence <- rep(NA, 20)
n <- 1
for (i in 2:20) {
  if (sign_indicator[i] == sign_indicator[i - 1]) {
    n <- n + 1
  } else{
    n <- 1
  }
  number_of_sequence[i] <- n

}
number_of_sequence[1] <- 1

#############################

summation <- rep(NA, 20)

for (i in 1:20) {
  summation[i] <- sum(x[i:(i + 1 - number_of_sequence[i])])
}

ular sanca

sign_indicator = [1 if i > 0 else -1 for i in X]

number_of_sequence = [1]
N = 1
for i in range(1, len(sign_indicator)):
    if sign_indicator[i] == sign_indicator[i - 1]:
        N += 1
    else:
        N = 1
    number_of_sequence.append(N)

#############################
summation = []

for i in range(len(X)):
    if number_of_sequence[i] == 1:          
          summation.append(X[i])

    else:
        summation.append(sum(X[(i + 1 - number_of_sequence[i]):(i + 1)]))

hasil

        x n_of_sequence    sum
1  -0.010             1 -0.010
2   0.003             1  0.003
3  -0.002             1 -0.002
4   0.018             1  0.018
5   0.002             2  0.020
6   0.006             3  0.026
7  -0.012             1 -0.012
8   0.014             1  0.014
9  -0.017             1 -0.017
10 -0.007             2 -0.024
11  0.002             1  0.002
12  0.002             2  0.004
13 -0.004             1 -0.004
14  0.015             1  0.015
15  0.002             2  0.017
16 -0.001             1 -0.001
17 -0.008             2 -0.009
18  0.010             1  0.010
19 -0.018             1 -0.018
20  0.046             1  0.046

Solusi lain terlihat oke tetapi Anda tidak benar-benar perlu menggunakan fitur bahasa canggih atau fungsi perpustakaan untuk masalah sederhana ini.

result, prev = [], None

for idx, cur in enumerate(x):
    if not prev or (prev > 0) != (cur > 0):
        n, summation = 1, cur
    else:
        n, summation = n + 1, summation + cur
    result.append((idx, cur, n, summation))
    prev = cur

Seperti yang Anda lihat, Anda tidak benar-benar membutuhkan sign_indicatordaftar, dua untuk-loop ataurange berfungsi seperti dalam cuplikan di bagian pertanyaan.

Jika Anda ingin indeks dimulai dari 1, gunakan enumerate(x, 1)sebagai gantienumerate(x)

Untuk melihat hasilnya, Anda dapat menjalankan kode berikut

for idx, num, length, summation in result:
     print(f"{idx: >2d} {num: .3f} {length: >2d} {summation: .3f}")

Di R, Anda bisa menggunakan data.tables rleiduntuk membuat grup dengan serangkaian angka positif dan negatif dan kemudian membuat urutan baris di setiap grup dan melakukan penjumlahan kumulatif dari xnilai - nilai tersebut.

library(data.table)
df <- data.table(x)
df[, c("n_of_sequence", "sum") := list(seq_len(.N), cumsum(x)), by = rleid(sign(x))]
df

#         x n_of_sequence    sum
# 1: -0.010             1 -0.010
# 2:  0.003             1  0.003
# 3: -0.002             1 -0.002
# 4:  0.018             1  0.018
# 5:  0.002             2  0.020
# 6:  0.006             3  0.026
# 7: -0.012             1 -0.012
# 8:  0.014             1  0.014
# 9: -0.017             1 -0.017
#10: -0.007             2 -0.024
#11:  0.002             1  0.002
#12:  0.002             2  0.004
#13: -0.004             1 -0.004
#14:  0.015             1  0.015
#15:  0.002             2  0.017
#16: -0.001             1 -0.001
#17: -0.008             2 -0.009
#18:  0.010             1  0.010
#19: -0.018             1 -0.018
#20:  0.046             1  0.046

Kita dapat menggunakan rleiddi dplyrjuga untuk membuat grup dan melakukan hal yang sama.

library(dplyr)
df %>%
  group_by(gr = data.table::rleid(sign(x))) %>%
  mutate(n_of_sequence = row_number(), sum = cumsum(x))

Anda dapat menghitung panjang menjalankan setiap tanda menggunakan rledari baseke dan melakukan sesuatu seperti ini.

set.seed(0)
z <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)
run_lengths <- rle(sign(z))$lengths
run_lengths
# [1] 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1

Mendapatkan n_of_sequence

n_of_sequence <- run_lengths %>% map(seq) %>% unlist
n_of_sequence
# [1] 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1

Akhirnya, untuk mendapatkan penjumlahan dari urutan,

start <- cumsum(c(1,run_lengths))
start <- start[-length(start)] # start points of each series 
map2(start,run_lengths,~cumsum(z[.x:(.x+.y-1)])) %>% unlist()
# [1] -0.010  0.003 -0.002  0.018  0.020  0.026 -0.012  0.014 -0.017 -0.024
# [11]  0.002  0.004 -0.004  0.015  0.017 -0.001 -0.009  0.010 -0.018  0.046

Berikut adalah fungsi non-looping sederhana di R:

count_and_sum <- function(x)
{
  runs   <- rle((x > 0) * 1)$lengths
  groups <- split(x, rep(1:length(runs), runs))
  output <- function(group) data.frame(x = group, n = seq_along(group), sum = cumsum(group))
  result <- as.data.frame(do.call(rbind, lapply(groups, output)))
  `rownames<-`(result, 1:nrow(result))
}

Jadi kamu bisa melakukan:

set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)
count_and_sum(x)
#>         x n    sum
#> 1  -0.010 1 -0.010
#> 2   0.003 1  0.003
#> 3  -0.002 1 -0.002
#> 4   0.018 1  0.018
#> 5   0.002 2  0.020
#> 6   0.006 3  0.026
#> 7  -0.012 1 -0.012
#> 8   0.014 1  0.014
#> 9  -0.017 1 -0.017
#> 10 -0.007 2 -0.024
#> 11  0.002 1  0.002
#> 12  0.002 2  0.004
#> 13 -0.004 1 -0.004
#> 14  0.015 1  0.015
#> 15  0.002 2  0.017
#> 16 -0.001 1 -0.001
#> 17 -0.008 2 -0.009
#> 18  0.010 1  0.010
#> 19 -0.018 1 -0.018
#> 20  0.046 1  0.046

^{Dibuat pada 2020-02-16 oleh paket reprex (v0.3.0)}

Ini adalah tidyversesolusi sederhana ...

library(tidyverse) #or just dplyr and tidyr

set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)

df <- tibble(x = x) %>% 
  mutate(seqno = cumsum(c(1, diff(sign(x)) != 0))) %>% #identify sequence ids
  group_by(seqno) %>%                                  #group by sequences
  mutate(n_of_sequence = row_number(),                 #count row numbers for each group
         sum = cumsum(x)) %>%                          #cumulative sum for each group
  ungroup() %>% 
  select(-seqno)                                       #remove sequence id

df
# A tibble: 20 x 3
        x n_of_sequence     sum
    <dbl>         <int>   <dbl>
 1 -0.01              1 -0.01  
 2  0.003             1  0.003 
 3 -0.002             1 -0.002 
 4  0.018             1  0.018 
 5  0.002             2  0.0200
 6  0.006             3  0.026 
 7 -0.012             1 -0.012 
 8  0.014             1  0.014 
 9 -0.017             1 -0.017 
10 -0.007             2 -0.024 
11  0.002             1  0.002 
12  0.002             2  0.004 
13 -0.004             1 -0.004 
14  0.015             1  0.015 
15  0.002             2  0.017 
16 -0.001             1 -0.001 
17 -0.008             2 -0.009 
18  0.01              1  0.01  
19 -0.018             1 -0.018 
20  0.046             1  0.046 

Sedangkan untuk Python, seseorang akan datang dengan solusi menggunakan panda library. Sementara itu, berikut ini adalah proposal sederhana:

class Combiner:
    def __init__(self):
        self.index = self.seq_index = self.summation = 0

    def combine(self, value):
        self.index += 1
        if value * self.summation <= 0:
            self.seq_index = 1
            self.summation = value
        else:
            self.seq_index += 1
            self.summation += value
        return self.index, value, self.seq_index, self.summation

c = Combiner()
lst = [c.combine(v) for v in x]

for t in lst:
    print(f"{t[0]:3} {t[1]:7.3f} {t[2]:3} {t[3]:7.3f}")

Keluaran:

  1  -0.010   1  -0.010
  2   0.003   1   0.003
  3  -0.002   1  -0.002
  4   0.018   1   0.018
  5   0.002   2   0.020
  6   0.006   3   0.026
  7  -0.012   1  -0.012
  8   0.014   1   0.014
  9  -0.017   1  -0.017
 10  -0.007   2  -0.024
 11   0.002   1   0.002
 12   0.002   2   0.004
 13  -0.004   1  -0.004
 14   0.015   1   0.015
 15   0.002   2   0.017
 16  -0.001   1  -0.001
 17  -0.008   2  -0.009
 18   0.010   1   0.010
 19  -0.018   1  -0.018
 20   0.046   1   0.046

Jika Anda membutuhkan daftar terpisah, Anda dapat melakukannya

idxs, vals, seqs, sums = (list(tpl) for tpl in zip(*lst))

atau, jika iteratornya OK, cukup

idxs, vals, seqs, sums = zip(*lst)

(penjelasan di sini )

Dua solusi malas yang berbeda di Python, menggunakan modul itertools .

Menggunakan itertools.groupby (dan menumpuk)

from itertools import accumulate, groupby

result = (
    item
    for _, group in groupby(x, key=lambda n: n < 0)
    for item in enumerate(accumulate(group), 1)
)

Menggunakan itertools.accumulate dengan fungsi akumulasi kustom

from itertools import accumulate

def sign_count_sum(count_sum, value):
    count, prev_sum = count_sum
    same_sign = (prev_sum < 0) is (value < 0)
    if same_sign:
        return count + 1, prev_sum + value
    else:
        return 1, value

result = accumulate(x, sign_count_sum, initial=(0, 0))
next(result)  # needed to skip the initial (0, 0) item

Itu initial Argumen kata kunci ditambahkan dengan Python 3.8. Di versi sebelumnya, Anda bisa menggunakan itertools.chainuntuk menambahkan (0,0) -tuple:

result = accumulate(chain([(0, 0)], x), sign_count_sum)

Outputnya seperti yang diharapkan:

for (i, v), (c, s) in zip(enumerate(x), result):
    print(f"{i:3} {v:7.3f} {c:3} {s:7.3f}")

  0  -0.010   1  -0.010
  1   0.003   1   0.003
  2  -0.002   1  -0.002
  3   0.018   1   0.018
  4   0.002   2   0.020
  5   0.006   3   0.026
  6  -0.012   1  -0.012
  7   0.014   1   0.014
  8  -0.017   1  -0.017
  9  -0.007   2  -0.024
 10   0.002   1   0.002
 11   0.002   2   0.004
 12  -0.004   1  -0.004
 13   0.015   1   0.015
 14   0.002   2   0.017
 15  -0.001   1  -0.001
 16  -0.008   2  -0.009
 17   0.010   1   0.010
 18  -0.018   1  -0.018
 19   0.046   1   0.046

Saya merekomendasikan pelari paket R untuk operasi semacam ini. streak_run menghitung terjadinya berturut-turut dari nilai yang sama, dan sum_run menghitung jumlah di jendela yang panjangnya ditentukan olehk argumen.

Ini solusinya:

set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)

n_of_sequence <- runner::streak_run(x > 0)
sum <- runner::sum_run(x, k = n_of_sequence)

data.frame(x, n_of_sequence, sum)

#         x n_of_sequence    sum
# 1  -0.010             1 -0.010
# 2   0.003             1  0.003
# 3  -0.002             1 -0.002
# 4   0.018             1  0.018
# 5   0.002             2  0.020
# 6   0.006             3  0.026
# 7  -0.012             1 -0.012
# 8   0.014             1  0.014
# 9  -0.017             1 -0.017
# 10 -0.007             2 -0.024
# 11  0.002             1  0.002
# 12  0.002             2  0.004
# 13 -0.004             1 -0.004
# 14  0.015             1  0.015
# 15  0.002             2  0.017
# 16 -0.001             1 -0.001
# 17 -0.008             2 -0.009
# 18  0.010             1  0.010
# 19 -0.018             1 -0.018
# 20  0.046             1  0.046

Tolok ukur di bawah ini untuk membandingkan solusi aktual

set.seed(0)
x <- round(rnorm(10000, sd = 0.02), 3)

library(runner)
runner_streak <- function(x) {
  n_of_sequence <- streak_run(x > 0)
  sum <- sum_run(x, k = n_of_sequence)
}

library(data.table)
dt <- data.table(x)
dt_streak <- function(dt) {
  dt[, c("n_of_sequence", "sum") := list(seq_len(.N), cumsum(x)),rleid(sign(x))]
}

rle_streak <- function(x) {
  run_lengths <- rle(sign(x))$lengths
  run_lengths

  n_of_sequence <- run_lengths %>% map(seq) %>% unlist

  start <- cumsum(c(1,run_lengths))
  start <- start[-length(start)]
  sum <- map2(start,run_lengths,~cumsum(x[.x:(.x+.y-1)])) %>% unlist()
}

library(tidyverse)
df <- tibble(x = x)
tv_streak <- function(x) {
  res <- df %>%
    mutate(seqno = cumsum(c(1, diff(sign(x)) != 0))) %>%
    group_by(seqno) %>%
    mutate(n_of_sequence = row_number(),
           sum = cumsum(x)) %>%
    ungroup() %>% 
    select(-seqno)  
}

count_and_sum <- function(x) {
  runs   <- rle((x > 0) * 1)$lengths
  groups <- split(x, rep(1:length(runs), runs))
  output <- function(group) 
    data.frame(x = group, n = seq_along(group), sum = cumsum(group))
  result <- as.data.frame(do.call(rbind, lapply(groups, output)))
  `rownames<-`(result, 1:nrow(result))
}

microbenchmark::microbenchmark(
  runner_streak(x),
  dt_streak(dt),
  rle_streak(x),
  tv_streak(df),
  count_and_sum(x),
  times = 100L
)


# Unit: milliseconds
#             expr         min          lq        mean      median          uq        max neval
# runner_streak(x)    4.240192    4.833563    6.321697    5.300817    6.543926   14.80221   100
#    dt_streak(dt)    7.648100    8.587887   10.862806    9.650483   11.295488   34.66027   100
#    rle_streak(x)   42.321506   55.397586   64.195692   63.404403   67.813738  167.71444   100
#    tv_streak(df)   31.398885   36.333751   45.141452   40.800077   45.756279  163.19535   100
# count_and_sum(x) 1691.438977 1919.518282 2306.036783 2149.543281 2499.951020 6158.43384   100

Di R, Anda juga bisa melakukan:

# DATA
set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)

library(data.table)
dt <- data.table(x = x)

# Create Positive or Negative variable
dt$x_logical <- ifelse(dt$x > 0, "P", "N")

# Create a reference data.frame/table to keep continuous counts
seq_dt <- data.frame(val = rle(x = dt$x_logical)$lengths)
seq_dt$id <- 1:nrow(seq_dt)

# Map id in the main data.table and get cumulative sum
dt$id <- rep(seq_dt$id, seq_dt$val)
dt[, csum := cumsum(x), by = "id"]


        x x_logical id   csum
 1: -0.010         N  1 -0.010
 2:  0.003         P  2  0.003
 3: -0.002         N  3 -0.002
 4:  0.018         P  4  0.018
 5:  0.002         P  4  0.020
 6:  0.006         P  4  0.026
 7: -0.012         N  5 -0.012
 8:  0.014         P  6  0.014
 9: -0.017         N  7 -0.017
10: -0.007         N  7 -0.024
11:  0.002         P  8  0.002
12:  0.002         P  8  0.004
13: -0.004         N  9 -0.004
14:  0.015         P 10  0.015
15:  0.002         P 10  0.017
16: -0.001         N 11 -0.001
17: -0.008         N 11 -0.009
18:  0.010         P 12  0.010
19: -0.018         N 13 -0.018
20:  0.046         P 14  0.046

Melempar jawaban [r] saya di topi, dioptimalkan untuk kecepatan dan bekerja dengan panjang x (tidak seperti penanya yang sulit dikodekan untuk panjang 20):

### data 
set.seed(100)
x <- round(rnorm(20, sd = 0.02), 3)

### solution
summation <- c(x[1])
enn <- 1
n_of_seq <- c(enn)
for(i in 2:length(x)){
  first <- x[i]
  second <- summation[i - 1]

  if(sign(first) == sign(second)){
    summation <- c(summation, first + second)
    enn <- enn + 1
  }else{
    summation <- c(summation, first)
    enn <- 1

  }
  n_of_seq <- c(n_of_seq, enn)
  }

Dan, untuk membandingkan waktu menjalankan pada komputer kerja saya saat ini (sangat lambat), inilah output microbenchmark saya menggunakan semua solusi R di utas ini. Tidak mengherankan, solusi yang membuat sebagian besar salinan dan konversi cenderung lebih lambat.

Unit: microseconds
         expr      min       lq       mean    median       uq      max neval
     my_way()   13.301   19.200   23.38352   21.4010   23.401  20604.0 1e+05
 author_way()   19.702   31.701   40.12371   36.0015   40.502  24393.9 1e+05
      ronak()  856.401 1113.601 1305.36419 1236.8010 1377.501 453191.4 1e+05
      ameer()  388.501  452.002  553.08263  491.3000  548.701 456156.6 1e+05
     andrew() 2007.801 2336.801 2748.57713 2518.1510 2760.302 463175.8 1e+05
      gonzo()   21.901   35.502   48.84946   43.9010   51.001  29519.5 1e+05

-------------- EDIT -------------- Telah ditunjukkan oleh @nicola bahwa solusi saya bukan yang tercepat untuk jangka waktu yang lebih lama dari x - yang harus cukup jelas karena saya terus membuat salinan vektor dengan menggunakan panggilan seperti x <- c (x, y). Saya hanya menciptakan solusi tercepat untuk panjang = 20 dan hanya microbenchmarked serendah yang saya bisa untuk itu.

Untuk membuat perbandingan yang lebih adil, saya mengedit semua versi untuk menghasilkan kode asli dengan cara yang saya percaya akan lebih cepat, tetapi saya menyambut umpan balik tentang itu. Ini kode benchmarking lengkap saya dan hasil untuk sistem saya yang sangat lambat. Saya menyambut umpan balik.

# originally benchmarked a few different lengths
for(pie in c(100000)){


my_way<- function(){
  set.seed(100)
  x <- round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)
summation <- c(x[1])
enn <- 1
n_of_seq <- c(enn)
for(i in 2:length(x)){
  first <- x[i]
  second <- summation[i - 1]

  if(sign(first) == sign(second)){
    summation <- c(summation, first + second)
    enn <- enn + 1
  }else{
    summation <- c(summation, first)
    enn <- 1

  }
  n_of_seq <- c(n_of_seq, enn)
  }

# print(summation)
}




author_way <- function(){
  set.seed(100)
  x <- round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)

  sign_indicator <- ifelse(x > 0, 1,-1)
  sky <- length(x)
  number_of_sequence <- rep(NA, sky)
  n <- 1
  for (i in 2:sky) {
    if (sign_indicator[i] == sign_indicator[i - 1]) {
      n <- n + 1
    } else{
      n <- 1
    }
    number_of_sequence[i] <- n

  }
  number_of_sequence[1] <- 1

  #############################

  summation <- rep(NA, sky)

  for (i in 1:sky) {
    summation[i] <- sum(x[i:(i + 1 - number_of_sequence[i])])
  }
}


# other ppls solutions:




ronak <- function(){
df <- data.table('x' = round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3))
df[, c("n_of_sequence", "sum") := list(seq_len(.N), cumsum(x)),rleid(sign(x))]
}



ameer <- function(){
  set.seed(100)
  x <- round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)
  run_lengths <- rle(sign(x))$lengths
  n_of_sequence <- run_lengths %>% map(seq) %>% unlist
  start <- cumsum(c(1,run_lengths))
  start <- start[-length(start)] # start points of each series 
  map2(start,run_lengths,~cumsum(x[.x:(.x+.y-1)])) %>% unlist()

}


count_and_sum <- function(x){
  set.seed(100)
  x <- round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)
  runs   <- rle((x > 0) * 1)$lengths
  groups <- split(x, rep(1:length(runs), runs))
  output <- function(group) data.frame(x = group, n = seq_along(group), sum = cumsum(group))
  result <- as.data.frame(do.call(rbind, lapply(groups, output)))
  `rownames<-`(result, 1:nrow(result))
}



andrew <- function(){
  set.seed(100)
  df <- tibble(x = round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)) %>% 
    mutate(seqno = cumsum(c(1, diff(sign(x)) != 0))) %>% #identify sequence ids
    group_by(seqno) %>%                                  #group by sequences
    mutate(n_of_sequence = row_number(),                 #count row numbers for each group
           sum = cumsum(x)) %>%                          #cumulative sum for each group
    ungroup() %>% 
    select(-seqno) 
}

gonzo <- function(){
  set.seed(100)
  x <- round(rnorm(pie, sd = 0.02), 3)
  n_of_sequence <- runner::streak_run(x > 0)
  sum <- runner::sum_run(x, k = n_of_sequence)
}



mi1 <- microbenchmark(my_way(), author_way(), ronak(), ameer(), andrew(), gonzo(), times = 10)
print(mi1)

}

Seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil ini, untuk panjang yang berbeda dari apa yang saya optimalkan, versi saya lambat. Semakin lama x, semakin lambat untuk menjadi sangat lambat pada semua hal di atas 1000. Versi favorit saya adalah Ronak, yang merupakan tercepat kedua di sistem saya. GoGonzo adalah yang tercepat di mesin saya sejauh ini pada panjang yang lebih panjang ini.

Unit: milliseconds
         expr        min         lq        mean      median         uq        max neval
     my_way() 21276.9027 21428.2694 21604.30191 21581.97970 21806.9543 21896.7105    10
 author_way()    82.2465    83.0873    89.42343    84.78315    85.3638   115.4550    10
      ronak()    68.3922    69.3067    70.41924    69.84625    71.3509    74.7070    10
      ameer()   481.4566   509.7552   521.19034   514.77000   530.1121   579.4707    10
     andrew()   200.9654   202.1898   210.84914   206.20465   211.2006   233.7618    10
      gonzo()    27.3317    28.2550    28.66679    28.50535    28.9104    29.9549    10

Dalam Python, selain mendefinisikan kelas untuk menyimpan variabel memori, Anda bisa menggunakan closure untuk mencapai hal yang sama.

def run():
    count = 0
    last_sign = 0

    def sign(i):
        return 1 if i > 0 else -1

    def f(i):
        nonlocal count
        nonlocal last_sign
        if sign(i) == last_sign:
            count = count+1
        else:
            last_sign = sign(i)
            count = 1
        return count

    return f

f = run()
y = [f(i) for i in x]

Catatan ini hanya berfungsi untuk Python 3 (dalam Python 2 saya pikir Anda tidak dapat mengubah variabel penutupan seperti ini). Hal serupa untuk penjumlahan juga.

Saya pikir loop akan lebih mudah dibaca, tetapi hanya untuk bersenang-senang, inilah solusi dengan Python menggunakan rekursi:

x = [-0.01, 0.003, -0.002, 0.018, 0.002, 0.006, -0.012, 0.014, -0.017, -0.007, 0.002, 0.002, -0.004, 0.015, 0.002,
     -0.001, -0.008, 0.01, -0.018, 0.046]


def sign(number):
    return 1 if number > 0 else -1


def sum_previous(pos, result=None):
    if not result:
        result = x[pos]
    else:
        result += x[pos]
    if pos == 0 or sign(x[pos]) != sign(x[pos-1]):
        return result
    else:
        return sum_previous(pos-1, result)


results = [sum_previous(i) for i in range(len(x))]
print(results)

Inilah pendekatan dasar R lainnya:

data.frame(x,
           n = sequence(rle(sign(x))$lengths),
           sum = Reduce(function(x, y) if (sign(x) == sign(y)) x + y else y, x, accumulate = TRUE))

        x n    sum
1  -0.010 1 -0.010
2   0.003 1  0.003
3  -0.002 1 -0.002
4   0.018 1  0.018
5   0.002 2  0.020
6   0.006 3  0.026
7  -0.012 1 -0.012
8   0.014 1  0.014
9  -0.017 1 -0.017
10 -0.007 2 -0.024
11  0.002 1  0.002
12  0.002 2  0.004
13 -0.004 1 -0.004
14  0.015 1  0.015
15  0.002 2  0.017
16 -0.001 1 -0.001
17 -0.008 2 -0.009
18  0.010 1  0.010
19 -0.018 1 -0.018
20  0.046 1  0.046

Jawaban python sederhana, abaikan 0 case:

x = [-0.01, 0.003, -0.002, 0.018, 
     0.002, 0.006, -0.012, 0.014, 
     -0.017, -0.007, 0.002, 0.002, 
     -0.004, 0.015, 0.002, -0.001, 
     -0.008, 0.01, -0.018, 0.046]

count = 0
sign_positive = x[0] > 0
sign_count = []
for n in x:
    # the idea is to keep track of the sign and increment the 
    # count if it agrees with the current number we are looking at
    if (n > 0 and sign_positive) or (n < 0 and not sign_positive):
        count = count + 1
    # if it does not, the count goes back to 1
    else:
        count = 1
    # Whether we increased the count or not, we update whether the
    # sign was positive or negative
    sign_positive = n > 0
    sign_count.append(count)

# This is just to reproduce the output 
# (although I find the last repetition of the number unnecessary)    
results = list(zip(x, sign_count))
for i, result in enumerate(results):
    print(f"{i: >2d} {result[0]: .3f} {result[1]: >2d} {result[0]: .3f}")

 0 -0.010  1 -0.010
 1  0.003  1  0.003
 2 -0.002  1 -0.002
 3  0.018  1  0.018
 4  0.002  2  0.002
 5  0.006  3  0.006
 6 -0.012  1 -0.012
 7  0.014  1  0.014
 8 -0.017  1 -0.017
 9 -0.007  2 -0.007
10  0.002  1  0.002
11  0.002  2  0.002
12 -0.004  1 -0.004
13  0.015  1  0.015
14  0.002  2  0.002
15 -0.001  1 -0.001
16 -0.008  2 -0.008
17  0.010  1  0.010
18 -0.018  1 -0.018
19  0.046  1  0.046

Solusi yang sedikit lebih canggih, juga menangani 0 case:

# To test the 0 case I am changing two numbers to 0
x = [-0.01, 0.003, -0.002, 0.018, 
     0.002, 0.006, -0.012, 0.014, 
    -0.017, -0.007, 0, 0, 
    -0.004, 0.015, 0.002, -0.001, 
    -0.008, 0.01, -0.018, 0.046]

# The rest is similar
count = 0
# This time we are using a nested ternary assignment 
# to account for the case of 0
# This would be more readable as a function, 
# but what it does is simple
# It returns None if n is 0, 
# True if it is larger than 0 
# and False if it less than 0
sign_positive = None if n == 0 else False if n < 0 else True
sign_count = []
for n in x:
    # We add the case of 0 by adding a third condition where
    # sign_positive was None (meaning the previous
    # number was 0) and the current number is 0.
    if (n > 0 and sign_positive) or \
       (n < 0 and not sign_positive) or \
       (n == 0 and sign_positive == None):
        count = count + 1
    else:
        count = 1
    sign_positive = None if n == 0 else False if n < 0 else True
    sign_count.append(count)
results = list(zip(x, sign_count))
for i, result in enumerate(results):
    print(f"{i: >2d} {result[0]: .3f} {result[1]: >2d} {result[0]: .3f}")

 0 -0.010  1 -0.010
 1  0.003  1  0.003
 2 -0.002  1 -0.002
 3  0.018  1  0.018
 4  0.002  2  0.002
 5  0.006  3  0.006
 6 -0.012  1 -0.012
 7  0.014  1  0.014
 8 -0.017  1 -0.017
 9 -0.007  2 -0.007
10  0.000  1  0.000
11  0.000  2  0.000
12 -0.004  3 -0.004
13  0.015  1  0.015
14  0.002  2  0.002
15 -0.001  1 -0.001
16 -0.008  2 -0.008
17  0.010  1  0.010
18 -0.018  1 -0.018
19  0.046  1  0.046