Jawaban:
Pertama-tama saya ingin Anda memahami Cgroup yang merupakan bagian dari utilitas LXC. ketika Anda memiliki wadah, Anda tentu ingin memastikan bahwa berbagai wadah yang Anda jalankan selesai membuat wadah atau proses lainnya kelaparan. Dengan pemikiran ini, orang baik dari proyek LXCalias Daniel Lezcano mengintegrasikan cgroup dengan teknologi wadah yang ia ciptakan yaitu LXC. Sekarang jika Anda ingin menetapkan penggunaan sumber daya, Anda perlu melihat untuk mengkonfigurasi CGROUP Anda. Cgroup memungkinkan Anda mengalokasikan sumber daya — seperti waktu CPU, memori sistem, bandwidth jaringan, atau kombinasi sumber daya ini — di antara kelompok tugas (proses) yang ditentukan pengguna yang berjalan pada suatu sistem. Anda dapat memantau cgroup yang Anda konfigurasi, menolak akses cgroup ke sumber daya tertentu, dan bahkan mengkonfigurasi ulang cgroup Anda secara dinamis pada sistem yang sedang berjalan. Layanan cgconfig (grup kontrol konfigurasi) dapat dikonfigurasikan untuk memulai pada saat boot dan membangun kembali cgroup yang telah Anda tentukan, sehingga membuat mereka persisten di seluruh reboot. Cgroup dapat memiliki beberapa hierarki karena setiap hierarki melekat pada satu atau lebih subsistem (juga dikenal sebagai pengontrol sumber daya atau pengontrol). Ini kemudian akan membuat banyak pohon yang tidak terhubung. Ada sembilan subsistem yang tersedia.
Kita dapat mendaftar subsistem yang kita miliki di kernel dengan perintah:
lssubsys –am
lxc-cgroup mendapatkan atau menetapkan nilai dari grup kontrol yang terkait dengan nama wadah. Kelola grup kontrol yang terkait dengan wadah. contoh penggunaan:
lxc-cgroup -n foo cpuset.cpus "0,3"
tetapkan prosesor 0 dan 3 ke dalam wadah.
Sekarang, menurut saya saya menjawab pertanyaan awal Anda. Tapi izinkan saya menambahkan sedikit parameter yang mungkin berguna bagi Anda untuk mengkonfigurasi wadah Anda untuk menggunakan lxc. ada bentuk kental dari dokumentasi kontrol sumber daya oleh redhat
Parameter yang Dapat Diubah BLKIO:
blkio.reset_stats : any int to reset the statistics of BLKIO
blkio.weight : 100 - 1000 (relative proportion of block I/O access)
blkio.weight_device : major, minor , weight 100 - 1000
blkio.time : major, minor and time (device type and node numbers and length of access in milli seconds)
blkio.throttle.read_bps_device : major, minor specifies the upper limit on the number of read operations a device can perform. The rate of the read operations is specified in bytes per second.
blkio.throttle.read_iops_device :major, minor and operations_per_second specifies the upper limit on the number of read operations a device can perform
blkio.throttle.write_bps_device : major, minor and bytes_per_second (bytes per second)
blkio.throttle.write_iops_device : major, minor and operations_per_second
Parameter yang Dapat Dimodifikasi CFS:
cpu.cfs_period_us : specifies a period of time in microseconds for how regularly a cgroup's access to CPU resources should be reallocated. If tasks in a cgroup should be able to access a single CPU for 0.2 seconds out of every 1 second, set cpu.cfs_quota_us to 200000 and cpu.cfs_period_us to 1000000.
cpu.cfs_quota_us : total amount of time in microseconds that all tasks in a cgroup can run during one period. Once limit has reached, they are not allowed to run beyond that.
cpu.shares : contains an integer value that specifies the relative share of CPU time available to tasks in a cgroup.
Note: For example, tasks in two cgroups that have cpu.shares set to 1 will receive equal CPU time, but tasks in a cgroup that has cpu.shares set to 2 receive twice the CPU time of tasks in a cgroup where cpu.shares is set to 1. Note that shares of CPU time are distributed per CPU. If one cgroup is limited to 25% of CPU and another cgroup is limited to 75% of CPU, on a multi-core system, both cgroups will use 100% of two different CPUs.
Parameter yang Dapat Dimodifikasi RT:
cpu.rt_period_us : time in microseconds for how regularly a cgroups access to CPU resources should be reallocated.
cpu.rt_runtime_us : same as above.
CPUset:
cpuset subsystem assigns individual CPUs and memory nodes to cgroups.
Note: here some parameters are mandatory
Mandatory:
cpuset.cpus : specifies the CPUs that tasks in this cgroup are permitted to access. This is a comma-separated list in ASCII format, with dashes (" -") to represent ranges. For example 0-2,16 represents CPUs 0, 1, 2, and 16.
cpuset.mems : specifies the memory nodes that tasks in this cgroup are permitted to access. same as above format
Optional:
cpuset.cpu_exclusive : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether cpusets other than this one and its parents and children can share the CPUs specified for this cpuset. By default ( 0), CPUs are not allocated exclusively to one cpuset.
cpuset.mem_exclusive : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether other cpusets can share the memory nodes specified for this cpuset. By default ( 0), memory nodes are not allocated exclusively to one cpuset. Reserving memory nodes for the exclusive use of a cpuset ( 1) is functionally the same as enabling a memory hardwall with the cpuset.mem_hardwall parameter.
cpuset.mem_hardwall : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether kernel allocations of memory page and buffer data should be restricted to the memory nodes specified for this cpuset. By default ( 0), page and buffer data is shared across processes belonging to multiple users. With a hardwall enabled ( 1), each tasks' user allocation can be kept separate.
cpuset.memory_pressure_enabled : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether the system should compute the memory pressure created by the processes in this cgroup
cpuset.memory_spread_page : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether file system buffers should be spread evenly across the memory nodes allocated to this cpuset. By default ( 0), no attempt is made to spread memory pages for these buffers evenly, and buffers are placed on the same node on which the process that created them is running.
cpuset.memory_spread_slab : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether kernel slab caches for file input/output operations should be spread evenly across the cpuset. By default ( 0), no attempt is made to spread kernel slab caches evenly, and slab caches are placed on the same node on which the process that created them is running.
cpuset.sched_load_balance : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that specifies whether the kernel will balance loads across the CPUs in this cpuset. By default ( 1), the kernel balances loads by moving processes from overloaded CPUs to less heavily used CPUs.
Perangkat:
The devices subsystem allows or denies access to devices by tasks in a cgroup.
devices.allow : specifies devices to which tasks in a cgroup have access. Each entry has four fields: type, major, minor, and access.
type can be of following three values:
a - applies to all devices
b - block devices
c - character devices
access is a sequence of one or more letters:
r read from device
w write to device
m create device files that do not yet exist
devices.deny : similar syntax as above
devices.list : reports devices for which access control has been set for tasks in this cgroup
Penyimpanan:
Subsistem memori menghasilkan laporan otomatis pada sumber daya memori yang digunakan oleh tugas-tugas dalam cgroup, dan menetapkan batas pada penggunaan memori oleh tugas-tugas tersebut. Parameter yang dapat dimodifikasi Memori: memory.limit_in_bytes: mengatur jumlah maksimum memori pengguna. dapat menggunakan sufiks seperti K untuk kilo dan M untuk mega dll. Ini hanya membatasi kelompok yang lebih rendah dalam heirarki. yaitu root cgroup tidak dapat dibatasi memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes: menetapkan jumlah maksimum untuk jumlah memori dan penggunaan swap. sekali lagi ini tidak dapat membatasi cgroup root.
Note: memory.limit_in_bytes should always be set before memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes because only after limit, can swp limit be set
memory.force_empty : when set to 0, empties memory of all pages used by tasks in this cgroup
memory.swappiness : sets the tendency of the kernel to swap out process memory used by tasks in this cgroup instead of reclaiming pages from the page cache. he default value is 60. Values lower than 60 decrease the kernel's tendency to swap out process memory, values greater than 60 increase the kernel's tendency to swap out process memory, and values greater than 100 permit the kernel to swap out pages that are part of the address space of the processes in this cgroup.
Note: Swappiness can only be asssigned to leaf groups in the cgroups architecture. i.e if any cgroup has a child cgroup, we cannot set the swappiness for that
memory.oom_control : contains a flag ( 0 or 1) that enables or disables the Out of Memory killer for a cgroup. If enabled ( 0), tasks that attempt to consume more memory than they are allowed are immediately killed by the OOM killer.
net_cls:
Subsistem net_cls menandai paket jaringan dengan pengenal kelas (classid) yang memungkinkan pengontrol lalu lintas Linux (tc) untuk mengidentifikasi paket yang berasal dari cgroup tertentu. Pengontrol lalu lintas dapat dikonfigurasi untuk menetapkan prioritas yang berbeda untuk paket-paket dari berbagai kelompok.
net_cls.classid : 0XAAAABBBB AAAA = major number (hex)
BBBB = minor number (hex)
net_cls.classid contains a single value that indicates a traffic control handle. The value of classid read from the net_cls.classid file is presented in the decimal format while the value to be written to the file is expected in the hexadecimal format. e.g. 0X100001 = 10:1
net_prio:
Subsistem Prioritas Jaringan (net_prio) menyediakan cara untuk secara dinamis menetapkan prioritas lalu lintas jaringan per setiap antarmuka jaringan untuk aplikasi dalam berbagai grup. Prioritas jaringan adalah nomor yang ditetapkan untuk lalu lintas jaringan dan digunakan secara internal oleh sistem dan perangkat jaringan. Prioritas jaringan digunakan untuk membedakan paket yang dikirim, diantri, atau dijatuhkan. traffic controller (tc) bertanggung jawab untuk menetapkan prioritas jaringan.
net_prio.ifpriomap : networkinterface , priority (/cgroup/net_prio/iscsi/net_prio.ifpriomap)
Contents of the net_prio.ifpriomap file can be modified by echoing a string into the file using the above format, for example:
~]# echo "eth0 5" > /cgroup/net_prio/iscsi/net_prio.ifpriomap
Dokumen ini cukup membantu: http://doc.opensuse.org/documentation/html/openSUSE/opensuse-tuning/cha.tuning.cgroups.html
Informasi ini ada dalam dokumentasi kernel Linux di sini: / usr / src / linux / Documentation / cgroups