Utas terpisah untuk operasi I \ O terdengar masuk akal.
Misalnya, tidak baik untuk mencatat tombol mana yang ditekan pengguna pada utas UI yang sama. UI seperti itu akan menggantung secara acak dan memiliki kinerja yang lambat .
Solusinya adalah dengan memisahkan acara dari prosesnya.
Berikut ini banyak informasi tentang Produser-Consumer Problem dan Event Queue dari dunia pengembangan game
Seringkali ada kode seperti
///Never do this!!!
public void WriteLog_Like_Bastard(string msg)
{
lock (_lockBecauseILoveThreadContention)
{
File.WriteAllText("c:\\superApp.log", msg);
}
}
Pendekatan ini akan mengarah ke Thread Contention. Semua utas pemrosesan akan berjuang untuk bisa mendapatkan kunci dan menulis ke file yang sama sekaligus.
Beberapa mungkin mencoba untuk menghapus kunci.
public void Log_Like_Dumbass(string msg)
{
try
{ File.Append("c:\\superApp.log", msg); }
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show("Log file may be locked by other process...")
}
}
}
Tidak mungkin untuk memprediksi hasil jika 2 utas akan memasuki metode pada saat yang sama.
Jadi pada akhirnya pengembang akan menonaktifkan logging sama sekali ...
Apakah mungkin diperbaiki?
Iya.
Katakanlah kita memiliki antarmuka:
public interface ILogger
{
void Debug(string message);
// ... etc
void Fatal(string message);
}
Alih-alih menunggu kunci dan melakukan operasi pemblokiran file setiap kali ILoggerdipanggil, kami akan Menambahkan LogMessage baru ke Antrian Pesan Penging dan kembali ke hal-hal yang lebih penting:
public class AsyncLogger : ILogger
{
private readonly BlockingCollection<LogMessage> _pendingMessages;
private readonly Type _loggerFor;
private readonly IThreadAdapter _threadAdapter;
public AsyncLogger(BlockingCollection<LogMessage> pendingMessages, Type loggerFor, IThreadAdapter threadAdapter)
{
_pendingMessages = pendingMessages;
_loggerFor = loggerFor;
_threadAdapter = threadAdapter;
}
public void Debug(string message)
{
Push(LoggingLevel.Debug, message);
}
public void Fatal(string message)
{
Push(LoggingLevel.Fatal, message);
}
private void Push(LoggingLevel importance, string message)
{
// since we do not know when our log entry will be written to disk, remember current time
var timestamp = DateTime.Now;
var threadId = _threadAdapter.GetCurrentThreadId();
// adds message to the queue in lock-free manner and immediately returns control to caller
_pendingMessages.Add(LogMessage.Create(timestamp, importance, message, _loggerFor, threadId));
}
}
Kami telah selesai dengan Asynchronous Logger sederhana ini .
Langkah selanjutnya adalah memproses pesan yang masuk.
Untuk kesederhanaan, mari mulai Thread baru dan tunggu selamanya sampai aplikasi keluar atau Asynchronous Logger akan menambahkan pesan baru ke Antrian Tertunda .
public class LoggingQueueDispatcher : IQueueDispatcher
{
private readonly BlockingCollection<LogMessage> _pendingMessages;
private readonly IEnumerable<ILogListener> _listeners;
private readonly IThreadAdapter _threadAdapter;
private readonly ILogger _logger;
private Thread _dispatcherThread;
public LoggingQueueDispatcher(BlockingCollection<LogMessage> pendingMessages, IEnumerable<ILogListener> listeners, IThreadAdapter threadAdapter, ILogger logger)
{
_pendingMessages = pendingMessages;
_listeners = listeners;
_threadAdapter = threadAdapter;
_logger = logger;
}
public void Start()
{
// Here I use 'new' operator, only to simplify example. Should be using interface '_threadAdapter.CreateBackgroundThread' to allow unit testing
Thread thread = new Thread(MessageLoop);
thread.Name = "LoggingQueueDispatcher Thread";
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
_logger.Debug("Asked to start log message Dispatcher ");
_dispatcherThread = thread;
}
public bool WaitForCompletion(TimeSpan timeout)
{
return _dispatcherThread.Join(timeout);
}
private void MessageLoop()
{
_logger.Debug("Entering dispatcher message loop...");
var cancellationToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
LogMessage message;
while (_pendingMessages.TryTake(out message, Timeout.Infinite, cancellationToken.Token))
{
// !!!!! Now it is safe to use File.AppendAllText("c:\\my.log") without ever using lock or forcing important threads to wait.
// this is example, do not use in production
foreach (var listener in _listeners)
{
listener.Log(message);
}
}
}
}
Saya melewati rantai pendengar khusus. Anda mungkin ingin mengirim kerangka pencatatan panggilan ( log4net, dll ...)
Ini adalah sisa kode:
public enum LoggingLevel
{
Debug,
// ... etc
Fatal,
}
public class LogMessage
{
public DateTime Timestamp { get; private set; }
public LoggingLevel Importance { get; private set; }
public string Message { get; private set; }
public Type Source { get; private set; }
public int ThreadId { get; private set; }
private LogMessage(DateTime timestamp, LoggingLevel importance, string message, Type source, int threadId)
{
Timestamp = timestamp;
Message = message;
Source = source;
ThreadId = threadId;
Importance = importance;
}
public static LogMessage Create(DateTime timestamp, LoggingLevel importance, string message, Type source, int threadId)
{
return new LogMessage(timestamp, importance, message, source, threadId);
}
public override string ToString()
{
return string.Format("{0} [TID:{4}] {1:h:mm:ss} ({2})\t{3}", Importance, Timestamp, Source, Message, ThreadId);
}
}
public class LoggerFactory : ILoggerFactory
{
private readonly BlockingCollection<LogMessage> _pendingMessages;
private readonly IThreadAdapter _threadAdapter;
private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ILogger> _loggersCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ILogger>();
public LoggerFactory(BlockingCollection<LogMessage> pendingMessages, IThreadAdapter threadAdapter)
{
_pendingMessages = pendingMessages;
_threadAdapter = threadAdapter;
}
public ILogger For(Type loggerFor)
{
return _loggersCache.GetOrAdd(loggerFor, new AsyncLogger(_pendingMessages, loggerFor, _threadAdapter));
}
}
public class ThreadAdapter : IThreadAdapter
{
public int GetCurrentThreadId()
{
return Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
}
}
public class ConsoleLogListener : ILogListener
{
public void Log(LogMessage message)
{
Console.WriteLine(message.ToString());
Debug.WriteLine(message.ToString());
}
}
public class SimpleTextFileLogger : ILogListener
{
private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
private readonly string _userRoamingPath;
private readonly string _logFileName;
private FileStream _fileStream;
public SimpleTextFileLogger(IFileSystem fileSystem, string userRoamingPath, string logFileName)
{
_fileSystem = fileSystem;
_userRoamingPath = userRoamingPath;
_logFileName = logFileName;
}
public void Start()
{
_fileStream = new FileStream(_fileSystem.Path.Combine(_userRoamingPath, _logFileName), FileMode.Append);
}
public void Stop()
{
if (_fileStream != null)
{
_fileStream.Dispose();
}
}
public void Log(LogMessage message)
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message.ToString() + Environment.NewLine);
_fileStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
}
}
public interface ILoggerFactory
{
ILogger For(Type loggerFor);
}
public interface ILogListener
{
void Log(LogMessage message);
}
public interface IThreadAdapter
{
int GetCurrentThreadId();
}
public interface IQueueDispatcher
{
void Start();
}
Titik masuk:
public static class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
Debug.WriteLine("[Program] Entering Main ...");
var pendingLogQueue = new BlockingCollection<LogMessage>();
var threadAdapter = new ThreadAdapter();
var loggerFactory = new LoggerFactory(pendingLogQueue, threadAdapter);
var fileSystem = new FileSystem();
var userRoamingPath = GetUserDataDirectory(fileSystem);
var simpleTextFileLogger = new SimpleTextFileLogger(fileSystem, userRoamingPath, "log.txt");
simpleTextFileLogger.Start();
ILogListener consoleListener = new ConsoleLogListener();
ILogListener[] listeners = new [] { simpleTextFileLogger , consoleListener};
var loggingQueueDispatcher = new LoggingQueueDispatcher(pendingLogQueue, listeners, threadAdapter, loggerFactory.For(typeof(LoggingQueueDispatcher)));
loggingQueueDispatcher.Start();
var logger = loggerFactory.For(typeof(Console));
string line;
while ((line = Console.ReadLine()) != "exit")
{
logger.Debug("you have entered: " + line);
}
logger.Fatal("Exiting...");
Debug.WriteLine("[Program] pending LogQueue will be stopped now...");
pendingLogQueue.CompleteAdding();
var logQueueCompleted = loggingQueueDispatcher.WaitForCompletion(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
simpleTextFileLogger.Stop();
Debug.WriteLine("[Program] Exiting... logQueueCompleted: " + logQueueCompleted);
}
private static string GetUserDataDirectory(FileSystem fileSystem)
{
var roamingDirectory = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData);
var userDataDirectory = fileSystem.Path.Combine(roamingDirectory, "Async Logging Sample");
if (!fileSystem.Directory.Exists(userDataDirectory))
fileSystem.Directory.CreateDirectory(userDataDirectory);
return userDataDirectory;
}
}
