Baru-baru ini saya menyelesaikan buku ini berjudul The Elements of Computing Systems di mana Anda membangun sistem komputer yang berfungsi dari bawah ke atas, mulai dari gerbang logika dasar, hingga membuat kode mesin dan bahasa Assembly, hingga kode perantara, dan akhirnya berorientasi objek sederhana bahasa pemrograman yang mengkompilasi ke kode VM. Saya sangat menikmatinya dan saya ingin membuat sesuatu yang serupa dalam JavaScript, tetapi dengan lebih banyak fitur. Saya sudah menulis sebuah emulator untuk mesin Hack di JS:
// Creates a new CPU object that is responsible for processing instructions
var CPU = function() {
var D = 0; // D Register
var A = 0; // A Register
var PC = 0; // Program counter
// Returns whether an instruction is valid or not
var isValidInstruction = function(instruction) {
if (instruction.length != 32)
return false;
instruction = instruction.split("");
for (var c = 0; c < instruction.length; c++)
{
if (instruction[c] != "0" && instruction[c] != "1")
return false;
}
return true;
};
// Given an X and Y input and 6 control bits, returns the ALU output
var computeALU = function(x, y, c) {
if (c.length != 6)
throw new Error("There may only be 6 ALU control bits");
switch (c.join(""))
{
case "000000": return 0;
case "000001": return 1;
case "000010": return -1;
case "000011": return x;
case "000100": return y;
case "000101": return ~x;
case "000110": return ~y;
case "000111": return -x;
case "001000": return -y;
case "001001": return x+1;
case "001010": return y+1;
case "001011": return x-1;
case "001100": return y-1;
case "001101": return x+y;
case "001110": return x-y;
case "001111": return y-x;
case "010000": return x*y;
case "010001": return x/y;
case "010010": return y/x;
case "010011": return x%y;
case "010100": return y%x;
case "010101": return x&y;
case "010110": return x|y;
case "010111": return x^y;
case "011000": return x>>y;
case "011001": return y>>x;
case "011010": return x<<y;
case "011011": return y<<x;
default: throw new Error("ALU command " + c.join("") + " not recognized");
}
};
// Given an instruction and value of Memory[A], return the result
var processInstruction = function(instruction, M) {
if (!isValidInstruction(instruction))
throw new Error("Instruction " + instruction + " is not valid");
// If this is an A instruction, set value of A register to last 31 bits
if (instruction[0] == "0")
{
A = parseInt(instruction.substring(1, instruction.length), 2);
PC++;
return {
outM: null,
addressM: A,
writeM: false,
pc: PC
};
}
// Otherwise, this could be a variety of instructions
else
{
var instructionType = instruction.substr(0, 3);
var instructionBody = instruction.substr(3);
var outputWrite = false;
// C Instruction - 100 c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6 d1, d2, d3 j1, j2, j3 (000..000 x16)
if (instructionType == "100")
{
var parts = [ "a", "c1", "c2", "c3", "c4", "c5", "c6", "d1", "d2", "d3", "j1", "j2", "j3" ];
var flags = {};
for (var c = 0; c < parts.length; c++)
flags[parts[c]] = instructionBody[c];
// Compute the ALU output
var x = D;
var y = (flags["a"] == "1") ? M : A;
var output = computeALU(x, y, [flags["c1"], flags["c2"], flags["c3"], flags["c4"], flags["c5"], flags["c6"]]);
// Store the result
if (flags["d1"] == "1") A = output;
if (flags["d2"] == "1") D = output;
if (flags["d3"] == "1") outputWrite = true;
// Jump if necessary
if ((flags["j1"] == "1" && output < 0) || (flags["j2"] == "1" && output == 0) || (flags["j3"] == "1" && output > 0))
PC = A;
else
PC++;
// Return output
return {
outM: output,
addressM: A,
writeM: outputWrite,
pc: PC
};
}
else throw new Error("Instruction type signature " + instructionType + " not recognized");
}
};
// Reset the CPU by setting all registers back to zero
this.reset = function() {
D = 0;
A = 0;
PC = 0;
};
// Set the D register to a specified value
this.setD = function(value) {
D = value;
};
// Set the A register to a specified value
this.setA = function(value) {
A = value;
};
// Set PC to a specified value
this.setPC = function(value) {
PC = value;
};
// Processes an instruction and returns the result
this.process = function(instruction, M) {
return processInstruction(instruction, M);
};
};
Saya sedang berpikir tentang menambahkan hal-hal seperti sistem file, suara, konektivitas Internet, dan output layar RGBA (saat ini hanya hitam dan putih). Tapi seberapa layaknya ini, sungguh?
Karena apa yang saya pikirkan tentang mulai sepenuhnya dari awal. Dan yang saya maksud dengan itu adalah membuat kode mesin saya sendiri, kemudian bekerja sepanjang jalan menuju bahasa C-like dan benar-benar membuat program dan hal-hal yang berfungsi.