Memperkirakan parameter distribusi gamma menggunakan mean sampel dan std

Saya mencoba memperkirakan parameter distribusi gamma yang paling cocok untuk sampel data saya. Saya hanya ingin menggunakan mean , std (dan karenanya varians ) dari sampel data, bukan nilai aktual - karena ini tidak akan selalu tersedia di aplikasi saya.

Menurut dokumen ini , rumus berikut dapat diterapkan untuk memperkirakan bentuk dan skala:

Saya mencoba ini untuk data saya, namun hasilnya sangat berbeda dibandingkan dengan pemasangan distribusi gamma pada data aktual menggunakan pustaka pemrograman python.

Saya melampirkan data / kode saya untuk menunjukkan masalah yang ada:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import gamma

data = [91.81, 10.02, 27.61, 50.48, 3.34, 26.35, 21.0, 79.27, 31.04, 8.85, 109.2, 15.52, 11.03, 41.09, 10.75, 96.43, 109.52, 33.28, 7.66, 65.44, 52.43, 19.25, 10.97, 586.52, 56.91, 157.18, 434.74, 16.07, 334.43, 6.63, 108.41, 4.45, 42.03, 39.75, 300.17, 4.37, 343.19, 32.04, 42.57, 29.53, 276.75, 15.43, 117.67, 75.47, 292.43, 457.91, 5.49, 17.69, 10.31, 58.91, 76.94, 37.39, 64.46, 187.25, 30.0, 9.94, 83.05, 51.11, 17.68, 81.98, 4.41, 33.24, 20.36, 8.8, 846.0, 154.24, 311.09, 120.72, 65.13, 25.52, 50.9, 14.27, 17.74, 529.82, 35.13, 124.68, 13.21, 88.24, 12.12, 254.32, 22.09, 61.7, 88.08, 18.75, 14.34, 931.67, 19.98, 50.86, 7.71, 5.57, 8.81, 14.49, 26.74, 13.21, 8.92, 26.65, 10.09, 7.74, 21.23, 66.35, 31.81, 36.61, 92.29, 26.18, 20.55, 17.18, 35.44, 6.63, 69.0, 8.81, 19.87, 5.46, 29.81, 122.01, 57.83, 33.04, 9.91, 196.0, 34.26, 34.31, 36.55, 7.74, 6.68, 6.83, 18.83, 6.6, 50.78, 95.65, 53.91, 81.62, 57.96, 26.72, 76.25, 5.48, 4.43, 133.04, 33.37, 45.26, 30.51, 9.98, 11.08, 28.95, 71.25, 70.65, 3.34, 12.28, 111.67, 139.86, 23.34, 30.0, 26.38, 33.51, 1112.64, 25.87, 148.59, 552.79, 11.11, 47.8, 7.8, 9.98, 7.69, 85.46, 3.59, 122.71, 32.09, 82.51, 12.14, 12.57, 8.8, 49.61, 95.41, 26.99, 13.29, 4.57, 7.78, 4.4, 6.66, 12.17, 12.18, 1533.01, 22.95, 15.93, 14.82, 2.2, 12.04, 9.94, 17.64, 6.66, 18.64, 83.66, 142.99, 30.76, 67.57, 9.88, 46.44, 19.5, 22.2, 43.1, 653.67, 9.86, 7.69, 7.74, 27.19, 38.64, 12.32, 182.34, 43.13, 3.28, 14.32, 69.78, 32.2, 17.66, 18.67, 4.4, 9.05, 56.94, 33.32, 13.2, 15.07, 12.73, 3.32, 35.44, 14.35, 66.68, 51.28, 6.86, 75.49, 5.54, 21.0, 24.2, 38.1, 13.31, 7.78, 5.76, 51.86, 11.09, 20.71, 36.74, 21.97, 10.36, 32.04, 96.94, 13.93, 51.84, 6.88, 27.58, 100.56, 20.97, 828.16, 6.63, 32.15, 19.92, 253.23, 25.35, 23.35, 17.6, 43.18, 19.36, 13.7, 3.31, 22.99, 26.58, 4.43, 2.22, 55.46, 22.34, 13.24, 86.18, 181.29, 52.15, 5.52, 21.12, 34.24, 49.78, 14.37, 39.73, 78.22, 26.6, 20.19, 26.57, 105.8, 11.08, 46.47, 52.82, 13.46, 8.0, 7.74, 49.73, 4.4, 5.44, 51.7, 28.64, 8.95, 9.15, 4.46, 21.03, 29.92, 19.89, 4.38, 19.94, 7.77, 23.43, 57.07, 86.5, 12.82, 103.85, 39.63, 8.83, 42.32, 17.02, 14.29, 16.75, 24.4, 27.97, 8.83, 8.91, 24.23, 6.58, 30.97, 150.58, 122.73, 17.69, 37.11, 11.05, 298.23, 25.58, 9.91, 38.85, 17.24, 82.17, 42.11, 3.29, 38.63, 27.55, 18.22, 127.16, 57.66, 34.45, 41.26, 45.91, 9.88, 34.48, 484.33, 58.42, 30.09, 6.69, 254.49, 1313.58, 39.89, 3.31, 7.83, 10.98, 13.21, 67.78, 7.77, 117.72, 20.03, 83.23, 31.28, 38.97, 6.63, 6.63, 36.6, 22.12, 154.57, 112.65, 19.88, 674.18, 83.31, 5.54, 8.81, 11.06, 178.33, 30.47, 1180.39, 79.33, 37.74, 86.3, 16.61, 53.94, 52.78, 20.83, 11.15, 26.68, 86.04, 180.26, 99.62, 11.17, 28.74, 56.85, 15.51, 95.37, 44.09, 6.68, 12.14, 6.72, 19.81, 10.05, 34.26, 69.84, 14.35, 17.72, 8.81, 20.86, 37.69, 24.62, 72.11, 8.83, 7.69, 60.79, 20.02, 9.41, 13.24, 29.8, 43.09, 25.34, 174.34, 161.6, 119.34, 30.08, 54.15, 7.74, 249.29, 9.98, 21.87, 38.92, 98.45, 95.07, 7.74, 4.45, 81.98, 12.18, 28.66, 5.58, 59.94, 22.15, 9.98, 18.86, 6.69, 134.97, 13.29, 4.43, 8.88, 5.74, 25.16, 122.39, 3.53, 6.68, 3.4, 17.58, 62.51, 584.3, 46.63, 21.19, 22.14, 5.74, 8.19, 7.74, 7.64, 4.41, 3.32, 130.76, 3.29, 31.04, 3.26, 18.83, 168.31, 7.68, 120.19, 43.95, 747.12, 18.75, 306.24, 29.72, 5.57, 6.65, 53.2, 7.96, 25.34, 25.57, 8.85, 93.59, 92.96, 23.4, 60.0, 6.63, 12.15, 49.98, 39.75, 7.77, 5.73, 18.74, 11.58, 281.32, 13.99, 4.59, 13.35, 25.05, 9.98, 5.58, 91.43, 288.94, 15.43, 7.8, 9.92, 18.69, 6.63, 78.38, 18.86, 63.03, 26.38, 166.41, 27.78, 54.21, 173.32, 11.12, 17.85, 14.43, 31.31, 3.37, 16.63, 5.51, 77.74, 8.89, 17.71, 3.24, 9.28, 22.12, 2.2, 19.41, 12.23, 22.31, 9.36, 18.85, 51.5, 8.3, 23.0, 29.7, 29.81, 4.65, 75.77, 55.52, 144.45, 6.68, 13.26, 72.78, 56.71, 46.35, 6.63, 8.88, 6.61, 41.7, 15.09, 5.51, 18.78, 74.09, 487.0, 27.52, 18.99, 44.18, 41.76, 6.65, 23.62, 175.68, 446.38, 87.13, 165.69, 16.57, 7.88, 16.57, 80.17, 135.75, 3.29, 134.16, 25.58, 45.13, 114.23, 471.15, 97.75, 12.2, 32.01, 62.21, 22.36, 193.55, 210.65, 42.39, 27.57, 106.15, 44.76, 16.6, 134.76, 18.81, 14.76, 7.97, 160.59, 39.21, 60.36, 62.45, 72.18, 91.15, 23.71, 105.04, 70.87, 25.57, 122.09, 60.09, 38.8, 133.87, 4.41, 13.28, 45.63, 45.41, 67.81, 26.68, 97.33, 723.5, 5.51, 164.05, 165.32, 4.45, 57.67, 85.82, 11.56, 12.26, 17.97, 31.04, 76.72, 15.01, 35.88, 32.37, 23.63, 85.57, 9.34, 4.45, 90.25, 73.71, 45.99, 14.24, 176.85, 65.21, 9.92, 15.02, 12.9, 21.4, 59.94, 64.62, 37.53, 147.89, 36.52, 97.67, 16.65, 22.1, 23.38, 76.85, 16.58, 7.72, 17.75, 91.25, 9.91, 18.46, 4.45, 3.29, 73.18, 19.5, 5.58, 18.85, 28.64, 7.8, 43.74, 4.43, 7.99, 132.4, 41.48, 14.45, 8.78, 8.14, 9.95, 2.46, 16.61, 32.71, 17.74, 4.46, 68.25, 34.55, 9.92, 181.31, 37.63, 125.22, 25.37, 24.45, 220.92, 11.09, 35.46, 588.56, 58.21, 22.39, 78.55, 135.13, 280.65, 273.41, 381.07, 60.56, 68.63, 40.17, 27.68, 23.68, 23.15, 28.8, 20.94, 21.92, 159.06, 9.94, 127.52, 32.4, 15.93, 99.09, 48.31, 104.66, 257.4, 117.08, 180.32, 66.55, 95.99, 17.74, 30.14, 270.54, 39.8, 54.77, 16.04, 76.99, 5.43, 8.78, 76.96, 10.39, 18.47, 290.11, 48.35, 289.06, 10.44, 57.75, 47.83, 101.62, 96.3, 71.62, 256.97, 149.45, 22.17, 23.15, 89.25, 36.46, 90.03, 69.14, 28.27, 28.72, 17.44, 43.38, 56.72, 84.96, 25.4, 55.06, 47.68, 92.11, 6.65, 30.94, 15.38, 27.44, 516.55, 5.83, 19.45, 41.53, 110.69, 6.82, 54.09, 13.31, 89.8, 25.57, 110.89, 3.32, 93.76, 33.81, 80.87, 30.9, 58.53, 185.22, 4.38, 58.75, 189.53, 7.19, 7.8, 48.97, 28.8, 48.52, 45.96, 309.44, 29.16, 2.22, 255.91, 78.7, 102.67, 33.32, 43.2, 19.5, 91.59, 139.89, 5.51, 213.96, 10.02, 10.03, 39.87, 8.95, 27.74, 7.78, 65.93, 45.41, 263.21, 33.06, 5.54, 59.77, 2.2, 9.95, 14.38, 44.76, 96.45, 15.91, 133.07, 38.03, 36.43, 7.83, 105.41, 20.5, 25.35, 20.55, 119.59, 24.31, 28.81, 101.0, 67.0, 143.85, 20.55, 83.45, 60.62, 25.19, 6.65, 1745.95, 41.62, 44.96, 65.42, 9.92, 24.23, 73.56, 34.35, 75.72, 18.77, 88.59, 312.55, 56.43, 106.61, 11.44, 22.04, 5.73, 197.92, 25.32, 144.83, 145.36, 4.43, 18.33, 48.72, 33.42, 8.83, 18.85, 32.25, 88.56, 14.95, 147.39, 9.25, 35.24, 141.51, 14.41, 5.49, 42.28, 75.69, 16.96, 6.71, 17.33, 710.34, 68.92, 28.39, 24.98, 33.03, 31.06, 46.24, 36.77, 43.74, 11.48, 22.14, 13.21, 15.8, 21.9, 5.51, 20.66, 22.04, 127.0, 21.03, 36.75, 61.45, 42.12, 238.3, 57.43, 28.61, 31.31, 15.43, 8.88, 54.26, 34.01, 5.79, 8.02, 25.68, 19.67, 29.19, 4.38, 15.05, 5.57, 32.31, 81.68, 29.92, 397.98, 119.2, 5.52, 25.54, 12.78, 17.78, 100.97, 253.58, 8.92, 22.04, 22.03, 86.57, 97.27, 106.29, 33.31, 13.34, 35.57, 40.75, 6.57, 23.32, 6.63, 30.09, 62.39, 35.62, 25.23, 5.49, 77.67, 4.41, 8.77, 12.09, 32.0, 7.75, 25.44, 27.57, 25.51, 81.59, 8.83, 64.15, 48.92, 52.25, 2.2, 13.29, 15.52, 320.64, 22.26, 21.03, 79.27, 6.61, 59.38, 40.19, 43.07, 2.26, 20.97, 8.8, 205.43, 51.82, 8.78, 90.72, 6.63, 14.46, 85.62, 72.53, 29.24, 68.81, 67.6, 1.15, 13.15, 17.71, 20.06, 77.42, 167.72, 5.54, 34.45, 5.51, 54.04, 7.8, 79.91, 4.62, 66.39, 164.13, 78.1, 49.72, 19.92, 28.92, 709.25, 18.19, 875.38, 60.92, 5.55, 71.14, 301.2, 27.74, 34.26, 108.78, 88.28, 75.83, 7.82, 8.78, 44.68, 20.98, 41.9, 8.88, 124.18, 198.8, 180.0, 71.61, 119.27, 59.33, 3.28, 43.88, 14.46, 64.34, 158.59, 41.98, 32.28, 14.43, 48.49, 2.36, 14.38, 25.52, 7.83, 2.2, 292.18, 8.97, 36.18, 7.8, 8.89, 43.26, 25.35, 12.29, 6.88, 34.48, 11.09, 16.57, 35.99, 13.45, 6.6, 162.65, 13.23, 26.91, 55.62, 61.4, 48.47, 89.62, 7.77, 6.65, 11.56, 23.28, 6.66, 7.74, 4.62, 5.8, 24.56, 10.16, 8.91, 14.45, 25.37, 6.61, 75.29, 11.03, 36.75, 38.61, 36.52, 17.75, 61.87, 31.92, 120.9, 144.82, 70.98, 19.98, 80.09, 30.17, 35.48, 2.4, 42.15, 24.29, 111.26, 71.9, 158.23, 49.75, 7.75, 13.28, 10.97, 5.51, 34.37, 56.61, 138.83, 231.4, 20.17, 29.89, 20.27, 7.69, 77.35, 12.26, 1144.41, 9.95, 7.72, 196.64, 499.4, 114.38, 24.43, 94.88, 75.15, 4.48, 8.89, 196.05, 95.15, 99.28, 42.36, 234.32, 4.59, 80.97, 237.69, 89.34, 4.51, 6.68, 148.42, 108.58, 5.48, 132.38, 7.94, 204.74, 11.08, 74.24, 146.22, 79.5, 17.68, 10.51, 550.77, 45.35, 23.28, 47.57, 40.56, 114.76, 29.81, 15.51, 11.0, 26.61, 6.74, 142.82, 12.17]

Beberapa info tentang data:

Berarti: 68.71313036020582, Varians: 19112.931263699986, Standar Deviasi: 138.24952536518882, Jumlah elemen dalam data pelatihan: 1166

Histogram data:

Menggunakan pustaka python untuk pemasangan:

x = np.linspace(0,300,1000)
# Gamma
shape, loc, scale = gamma.fit(data, floc=0)
print(shape, loc, scale)
y = gamma.pdf(x, shape, loc, scale)
plt.title('Fitted Gamma')
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

Parameter: 0.7369587045435088 0 93.2387797804

Diperkirakan sendiri:

def calculateGammaParams(data):
    mean = np.mean(data)
    std = np.std(data)
    shape = (mean/std)**2
    scale = (std**2)/mean
    return (shape, 0, scale)

eshape, eloc, escale = calculateGammaParams(data)
print(eshape, eloc, escale)
ey = gamma.pdf(x, eshape, eloc, escale)
plt.title('Estimated Gamma')
plt.plot(x, ey)
plt.show()

Parameter: 0.247031406055 0 278.155443705

Seseorang dapat dengan jelas melihat perbedaan besar.

Baik MLE dan estimator berbasis momen konsisten dan sehingga Anda berharap bahwa dalam sampel yang cukup besar dari distribusi gamma, mereka cenderung sangat mirip. Namun, mereka tidak akan selalu sama ketika distribusinya tidak dekat dengan gamma.

Melihat distribusi log data, itu kira-kira simetris - atau memang miring mungkin benar. Ini menunjukkan bahwa model gamma tidak sesuai (untuk gamma, log harus dibiarkan miring).

Mungkin saja model gamma terbalik dapat berperforma lebih baik untuk data ini. Tetapi kemiringan ringan yang sama pada log akan terlihat dengan sejumlah distribusi lainnya - kita tidak bisa mengatakan banyak hal secara pasti berdasarkan arah kemiringan pada skala log.

Ini mungkin menjadi bagian dari penjelasan mengapa dua set estimasi berbeda - metode momen dan MLEs cenderung tidak konsisten satu sama lain.

Anda dapat memperkirakan parameter gamma terbalik dengan membalik data, menyesuaikan gamma, dan kemudian menjaga estimasi parameter tersebut apa adanya. Anda juga dapat memperkirakan parameter lognormal dari mean dan standar deviasi (beberapa posting di situs menunjukkan bagaimana, atau melihat wikipedia ), tetapi semakin berat ekor distribusi, semakin buruk metode saat-saat tersebut penduga akan cenderung.

Tampaknya (dari komentar di bawah jawaban saya) bahwa masalah sebenarnya adalah bahwa estimasi parameter harus diperbarui "on-line" - untuk hanya mengambil informasi ringkasan, bukan seluruh data - dan memperbarui estimasi parameter dari informasi ringkasan. Alasan untuk menggunakan mean sampel dan varians dalam pertanyaan adalah bahwa mereka dapat dengan cepat diperbarui.

Namun, mereka bukan satu-satunya hal yang dapat dengan cepat diperbarui!

Distribusi dalam keluarga eksponensial$f_{X}(x\mid \theta )=\exp \left(\eta (\theta )\cdot T(x)-A(\theta )+B(x)\right)\,$$T(x)$

$\theta$$T$

Untuk semua distribusi yang saya diskusikan (gamma, lognormal, invers gamma) statistik yang cukup mudah diperbarui. Untuk alasan stabilitas, saya sarankan memperbarui jumlah berikut (yang di antara mereka cukup untuk ketiga distribusi):

• rata-rata data

• rata-rata dari log data

• varians dari log data

$s^2_n$$n$

$\frac{1}{n}\sum x_i^2-\bar{x}^2$

$0$$\infty$

$\mbox{E}(X) = \alpha \theta$$\mbox{Var}[X] = \alpha \theta^2$$\alpha$$\theta$$\alpha$$\theta$$\alpha = \mbox{E}[X]^2/\mbox{Var}[X]$$\theta = \mbox{Var}[X] / \mbox{E}[X]$$\hat{\alpha} = \bar{x}^2 / s^2$$\hat{\theta} = s^2 / \bar{x}$

Itu bukan MLEs (sekali lagi, lihat wikipedia ). Saya tidak tahu perpustakaan apa yang Anda gunakan untuk memperkirakan parameter, tetapi biasanya perpustakaan seperti itu menghasilkan MLE. Dan itu bisa agak berbeda dari metode estimasi momen.

$\alpha$$\theta$

Memperbarui:

Setelah memposting data, saya menggunakan R untuk mendapatkan MLE dan metode estimasi momen. Ini menghasilkan:

> library(MASS)
> fitdistr(y, dgamma, start=list(shape=1, scale=1))
      shape         scale   
   0.73684030   93.26893829 
 ( 0.02613277) ( 4.59104121)

> mean(y)^2 / var(y)
[1] 0.2468195
> var(y) / mean(y)
[1] 278.3942

Jadi, pada dasarnya sama dengan yang diperoleh dengan Python. Jadi, estimasi hanya berbeda menggunakan estimasi kemungkinan maksimum versus metode momen.