Memperbaiki Raid-Array yang rusak (Hetzner-Root-Server dari Jerman)

Saya tidak tahu mengapa tetapi Hetzner Root Server saya kehilangan seperempat array RAID-nya dan situasinya berbeda setiap waktu. Kali ini saya butuh bantuan lebih lanjut. Mungkin mereka ingin saya ganti ke server yang dikelola, itu sekitar 40% lebih mahal :).

EDIT: Hasil yang Diinginkan:

md3 : active raid1 sda4[2] sdb4[1]
      1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md2 : active raid1 sda3[2] sdb3[1]
      1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md1 : active raid1 sda2[2] sdb2[1]
      524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid1 sda1[2] sdb1[1]
      33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

Bagaimana saya bisa memperbaiki susunan serangan berikut?

cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
md124 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda1[2]
      33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]

md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda2[2]
      524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]

md126 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda3[2]
      1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]

md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda4[2]
      1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]

md3 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb4[1]
      1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1]
      1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

md1 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb2[1]
      524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb1[1]
      33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]

unused devices: <none>

Berikut detailnya:

 /dev/sda1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
           Name : rescue:0
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 67106816 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
     Array Size : 67106672 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 67106672 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : facee938:5e51285d:e49d35a7:4e3ae212

    Update Time : Sun Jan 17 02:23:41 2016
       Checksum : cf49c9d3 - correct
         Events : 504


   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sda2:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
           Name : rescue:1
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 1048552 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
     Array Size : 1048552 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
    Data Offset : 24 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 181560d1:abc6d39b:3bd45252:6c5bff30

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
       Checksum : e5f248df - correct
         Events : 2064


   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sda3:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
           Name : rescue:2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 2147481600 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
     Array Size : 2147481328 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 2147481328 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 106e6b66:9365ada0:b0ee61bf:15cf9585

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 11:20:33 2016
       Checksum : b62dfda7 - correct
         Events : 6901428


   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sda4:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
           Name : rescue:3
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 3644885903 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
     Array Size : 3644885630 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3644885630 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 1a883ec6:768c6884:f8465824:69bddd2e

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
       Checksum : a114be68 - correct
         Events : 2062


   Device Role : Active device 0
   Array State : AA ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb1:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
           Name : rescue:0
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 67106816 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
     Array Size : 67106672 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 67106672 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 2df660db:6eaab24e:be6a2b7e:6295cc6f

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 11:20:53 2016
       Checksum : 9734d8ec - correct
         Events : 506


   Device Role : Active device 1
   Array State : .A ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb2:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
           Name : rescue:1
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 1048552 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
     Array Size : 1048552 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
    Data Offset : 24 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 2594f11b:7e7289b6:8bff6aff:10bf1b05

    Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:16 2016
       Checksum : cc71a538 - correct
         Events : 2078


   Device Role : Active device 1
   Array State : .A ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb3:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
           Name : rescue:2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 2147481600 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
     Array Size : 2147481328 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 2147481328 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : b838fbbb:1dafe023:afce822f:45c7ba0d

    Update Time : Tue Jan 26 09:27:55 2016
       Checksum : 873de764 - correct
         Events : 7041530


   Device Role : Active device 1
   Array State : .A ('A' == active, '.' == missing)
/dev/sdb4:
          Magic : a92b4efc
        Version : 1.2
    Feature Map : 0x0
     Array UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
           Name : rescue:3
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
   Raid Devices : 2

 Avail Dev Size : 3644885903 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
     Array Size : 3644885630 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 3644885630 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
    Data Offset : 2048 sectors
   Super Offset : 8 sectors
          State : clean
    Device UUID : 8e56f14c:a1478ce7:59c6ba88:09d18a60

    Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:11 2016
       Checksum : 20fe7d89 - correct
         Events : 2076


   Device Role : Active device 1
   Array State : .A ('A' == active, '.' == missing)

Dan lebih detail:

/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Tue Jan 26 09:38:15 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:0
           UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
         Events : 508

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
/dev/md1:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 524276 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 524276 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:16 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:1
           UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
         Events : 2078

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2
/dev/md2:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1073740664 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1073740664 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Tue Jan 26 09:42:42 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:2
           UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
         Events : 7042054

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8       19        1      active sync   /dev/sdb3
/dev/md3:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1822442815 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1822442815 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:11 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:3
           UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
         Events : 2076

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       0        0        0      removed
       1       8       20        1      active sync   /dev/sdb4
/dev/md124:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Jan 17 02:23:41 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:0
           UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
         Events : 504

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
       1       0        0        1      removed
/dev/md125:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 524276 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 524276 (512.07 MiB 536.86 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:1
           UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
         Events : 2064

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8        2        0      active sync   /dev/sda2
       1       0        0        1      removed
/dev/md126:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1073740664 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1073740664 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 11:20:33 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:2
           UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
         Events : 6901428

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8        3        0      active sync   /dev/sda3
       1       0        0        1      removed
/dev/md127:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:56 2012
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1822442815 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1822442815 (1738.02 GiB 1866.18 GB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
          State : clean, degraded
 Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 1
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:3
           UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
         Events : 2062

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       2       8        4        0      active sync   /dev/sda4
       1       0        0        1      removed

— Loren Pechtel
sumber

Apa masalahnya? Array RAID apa yang tidak dapat Anda pasang? Apakah Anda mendapatkan kesalahan? Tampaknya Anda tidak memiliki disk, apakah itu yang diharapkan?

— Claris

Terima kasih atas tanggapan Anda (yang pertama). Saya telah mengedit pertanyaan dan menambahkan hasil yang diinginkan (mungkin yang benar).

lihat: serverfault.com/questions/445315/… ...

— Claris

Terima kasih tetapi saya sudah melihat itu, itu adalah konfigurasi lain (saya pikir) dan solusinya tidak dijelaskan dengan cukup jelas (untuk mengetahui mana dari kedua perangkat yang memiliki salinan yang lebih baru -> bagaimana cara me-mount mereka read-only - > bagaimana? Lalu bunuh razia lainnya -> bagaimana) dan tambahkan perangkat ke yang benar -> bagaimana? )

Tampaknya Anda memiliki dua drive (sda dan sdb), masing-masing dengan 4 partisi (1,2,3,4). Saya pikir idenya adalah untuk mencerminkan partisi tersebut. Sebagai gantinya, Anda memiliki 4 partisi RAID yang tersambung ke partisi sda (md0, md1, md2 dan md3) dengan mirrornya dihapus. Juga, Anda memiliki 4 partisi RAID yang terhubung ke partisi sdb (md124, md125, md126 dan md127). Untuk membantu Anda, kami perlu memahami: 1. apa peran / titik mount dari setiap partisi (tebak: root, boot, swap, home)? Dan 2. bagaimana situasi ini muncul? Misalnya, dapatkah kita berasumsi md0 dan md124 memiliki data yang sama?

— Agustus

Partisi anggota RAID 1 di / dev / sdb adalah yang terbaru seperti yang ditunjukkan di sini ...

a1
Array UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
Events : 504
Update Time : Sun Jan 17 02:23:41 2016
Device Role : Active device 0

b1
Array UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a
Events : 506
Update Time : Sat Jan 23 11:20:53 2016
Device Role : Active device 1

a2
Array UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
Events : 2064
Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
Device Role : Active device 0

b2
Array UUID : 4cdff7b7:2ec9bae4:8c9cbf02:67bfe971
Events : 2078
Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:16 2016
Device Role : Active device 1

a3
Array UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
Events : 6901428
Update Time : Sat Jan 23 11:20:33 2016
Device Role : Active device 0

b3
Array UUID : 009a5d9b:7a0f238e:3ede62a0:0d2ee0ba
Events : 7041530
Update Time : Tue Jan 26 09:27:55 2016
Device Role : Active device 1

a4
Array UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
Events : 2062
Update Time : Sat Jan 23 06:48:30 2016
Device Role : Active device 0

b4
Array UUID : aa151e0d:2430bfba:a79d7030:d56a7872
Events : 2076
Update Time : Mon Jan 25 06:46:11 2016
Device Role : Active device 1

Jadi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang Anda inginkan, pertama-tama hentikan array md12X palsu ....

mdadm --stop /dev/md124
mdadm --stop /dev/md125
mdadm --stop /dev/md126
mdadm --stop /dev/md127

Kemudian tambahkan saja setiap partisi Anggota RAID yang dihapus kembali ke RAID1 aslinya

mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sda1
mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sda2
mdadm --add /dev/md2 /dev/sda3
mdadm --add /dev/md3 /dev/sda4

— S.Haran
sumber

Saya pikir apa yang terjadi adalah bahwa pada titik tertentu mdadm tidak dapat melihat sda, Jadi itu menghapus semua partisi 0 anggota RAID. Kemudian ketika mdadm melihat sda muncul lagi itu menciptakan array md12X dengan partisi sda tidak sinkron. Jadi pertanyaannya adalah mengapa mdadam kadang-kadang tidak melihat sda? Bisa jadi masalah daya, masalah kabel, atau masalah drive. Periksa status SMART pada drive.

— S.Haran

Ada yang gagal md2 : active raid1 sda3[2](F) sdb3[1] 1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]bagaimana saya bisa memperbaikinya? Sekali lagi terima kasih ..

Saya menduga Anda memiliki masalah dengan / dev / sda. Cara mengatasinya akan sama seperti terakhir kali tetapi pastikan untuk menampilkan keluaran ... cat / proc / mdstat

— S.Haran