Bagaimana jalur CPU / chipset PCI-E bekerja dan apa bedanya?

Saya menggunakan sistem PCI-E-overload dengan semua slot pci-e yang tersedia digunakan sepenuhnya. Spesifikasi Intel i7-2600K saya menyatakan dukungan hanya untuk jalur 16 pci-e, namun meskipun menggunakan banyak kartu ekstensi, masih 2 GPU saya berjalan pada kecepatan x8. Saya pikir karena kartu lain itu akan menjadi sesuatu seperti x4 atau kurang.

Jadi bagaimana sistem mendukung lebih dari 16 jalur pci-e secara keseluruhan, meskipun CPU mengklaim dukungan hanya untuk 16? Ini lspci -vvhasil saya :

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #2, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM not supported, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #3, Speed 5GT/s, Width x8, ASPM not supported, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82579V Gigabit Network Connection (rev 05)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #1, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #2, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #3, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #4, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #5, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1c.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev b5) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode])
            LnkCap: Port #7, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <1us, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev b5) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
            LnkCap: Port #8, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive+ BWMgmt+ ABWMgmt-
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation P67 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF110 [GeForce GTX 580] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF110 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF100GL [Quadro 4000] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
            LnkCap: Port #1, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
02:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF110 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
            LnkCap: Port #1, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x16, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <256ns, L1 <4us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x8, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
03:00.0 SATA controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9123 PCIe SATA 6.0 Gb/s controller (rev 11) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <64us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
03:00.1 IDE interface: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE912x IDE Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <64us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
04:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <4us, L1 unlimited
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
05:00.0 SATA controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9123 PCIe SATA 6.0 Gb/s controller (rev 11) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <64us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
05:00.1 IDE interface: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE912x IDE Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 8f [Master SecP SecO PriP PriO])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <64us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
06:00.0 SATA controller: JMicron Technology Corp. JMB362 SATA Controller (rev 10) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <1us, L1 <16us
            LnkSta: Speed 2.5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
07:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <4us, L1 unlimited
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-
08:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1083/1085 PCIe to PCI Bridge (rev 01) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode])
09:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: C-Media Electronics Inc CMI8788 [Oxygen HD Audio]
09:01.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6306/7/8 [Fire II(M)] IEEE 1394 OHCI Controller (rev c0) (prog-if 10 [OHCI])
0a:00.0 SATA controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88SE9172 SATA 6Gb/s Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
            LnkCap: Port #0, Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, ASPM L0s L1, Exit Latency L0s <512ns, L1 <64us
            LnkSta: Speed 5GT/s, Width x1, TrErr- Train- SlotClk+ DLActive- BWMgmt- ABWMgmt-

Saya melihat bahwa ada beberapa port milik CPU itu sendiri dan beberapa slot x1 yang didukung oleh Chipset. Apa perbedaan antara jalur pci-e yang didukung chipset dan yang didukung CPU?

Ini adalah lspci -t:

  -[0000:00]-+-00.0
             +-01.0-[01]--+-00.0
             |            \-00.1
             +-01.1-[02]--+-00.0
             |            \-00.1
             +-16.0
             +-19.0
             +-1a.0
             +-1b.0
             +-1c.0-[03]--+-00.0
             |            \-00.1
             +-1c.1-[04]----00.0
             +-1c.2-[05]--+-00.0
             |            \-00.1
             +-1c.3-[06]----00.0
             +-1c.4-[07]----00.0
             +-1c.6-[08-09]----00.0-[09]--+-00.0
             |                            \-01.0
             +-1c.7-[0a]----00.0
             +-1d.0
             +-1f.0
             +-1f.2
             \-1f.3

Saya perhatikan bahwa CPU Threadrippter memiliki dukungan jalur 64 pci-e tetapi motherboard cenderung mengekspos hanya 48 melalui slot pci-e pada motherboard. Apakah ini berarti bahwa X399 tidak menggunakan pendekatan seperti itu dan di sini semua jalur "tambahan" pci-e seperti M.2 dll juga didukung langsung oleh CPU?

— Lapsio
sumber

CPU Anda mungkin memiliki 16 jalur, tetapi PCH motherboard Anda mungkin memiliki lebih banyak.

— Mokubai

Coba lspci -tlihat struktur pohonnya. Saya melihat dua jembatan PCI, satu dengan lebar 2x 8 port, dan satu dengan lebar 8x 1 port. Jadi itu akan menjadi total 24 lane PCIe ... tidak yakin bagaimana mereka memetakan ke 16 lane PCIe yang seharusnya dimiliki chipset Anda.

— dirkt

@Mokubai Added -tApa perbedaan fungsional antara jalur PCH pci-e dan yang CPU? Apakah mereka memiliki fitur berbeda di temrs dari akses memori atau sesuatu seperti itu? Performa yang berbeda?

— Lapsio

Beberapa akan kecepatan penuh ke PCH, dan beberapa akan menjadi kecepatan penuh ke CPU. Perutean lain akan lebih lambat.

— Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams

Yang di CPU akan lebih dekat ke pengontrol memori yang ada di CPU. Juga pada CPU mereka mungkin memiliki latensi beberapa mikrodetik lebih cepat. Saya tidak berharap itu akan membuat perbedaan kinerja yang signifikan.

— Mokubai