Bash script untuk mengkloning Ubuntu Partition to clone partisi yang aktif
The clone-ubuntu.shbash script mulus akan dan aman mereplikasi 16.04 LTS menjadi partisi untuk upgrade ke 18,04 LTS:
Poin-poin penting untuk dipertimbangkan:
- Anda harus membuat
ext4partisi kosong yang cukup besar untuk menampung clone Ubuntu 16.04
- Saat memanggil skrip
clone-ubuntu.sh, partisi tidak dapat dipasang. Script secara otomatis me-mount dan melepas partisi.
- Perintah
rsyncini digunakan untuk menyalin file dari /ke partisi clone. Pertama kali Anda menjalankannya clone-ubuntu.shakan memakan waktu beberapa menit. Saat kedua kali Anda menjalankan skrip, hanya perubahan file yang diperbarui dan ini akan memakan waktu kurang dari satu menit.
- Anda dapat menjalankan skrip ini dan reboot beberapa kali. Setiap data baru pada target klon akan dihapus untuk mencerminkan
/file & direktori saat ini.
- Semua pekerjaan Cron
/etc/cron.d(reboot) dipindahkan ke sub-direktori baru yang disebut /etc/cron.d/hold. Setelah booting, klon ingatlah untuk menjalankan sudo crontab -eagar cron job yang dipilih tidak aktif.
- File yang dikloning
/etc/fstabdiubah dengan UUID yang sesuai untuk partisi yang dihidupkan.
- File yang dikloning
/boot/grub/grub.cfgdiubah dengan UUID yang sesuai untuk booting klon yang berhasil. File yang dikloning quiet splashdiubah nosplashsehingga Anda mendapatkan scrolling terminal messaging. Ini memberikan kesadaran visual untuk mem-boot versi klon daripada versi "Nyata".
update-grub dijalankan untuk memperbarui Grub dengan opsi menu baru yang menunjuk ke partisi yang dikloning.- File yang dikloning
/etc/update-manager/release-upgradesdiubah untuk diubah Prompt=nevermenjadi Prompt=lts. Ketika Anda mem-boot clone dan melakukan do-release-upgrade -dini memungkinkan Ubuntu 16.04 ditingkatkan menjadi 18.04.
- Sebelum mengkloning layar konfirmasi ditampilkan (diperlihatkan di bagian berikutnya) dan Anda harus mengetik y / Y untuk melanjutkan.
Layar Konfirmasi
Setelah memilih partisi klon target, pertama-tama diverifikasi ext4jenis partisi dan belum dipasang. Jika tes ini berlalu, pesan konfirmasi kemudian muncul:
=====================================================================
Mounting clone partition /dev/nvme0n1p8 as /mnt/clone16.04
=====================================================================
PLEASE: Carefully confirm Source (Live) and Target (Clone) partitions
SOURCE (BOOT /): /dev/nvme0n1p5 TARGET (CLONE): /dev/nvme0n1p8
ID: Ubuntu ID: Ubuntu
RELEASE: 16.04 RELEASE: 16.04
CODENAME: xenial CODENAME: xenial
DESCRIPTION: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS DESCRIPTION: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Size Used Avail Use% Size Used Avail Use%
44G 17G 26G 40% 24G 17G 5.8G 74%
NOTE: If you are recloning, new files in clone will be deleted,
modified files are reset to current source content and,
files deleted from clone are added back from source.
Type Y (or y) to proceed. Any other key to exit:
Dalam contoh ini, klon sebelumnya telah dipilih untuk rekloning. Ruang yang tersedia pada klon adalah titik bisu karena kita sudah tahu ada cukup ruang.
Jika Anda memiliki beberapa instalasi Ubuntu, harap verifikasi Anda telah memilih partisi yang tepat untuk mengkloning Ubuntu yang saat ini di-boot, dipasang sebagai /(root), untuk.
Ini adalah kesempatan terakhir Anda untuk membatalkan dengan menekan sembarang tombol kecuali yatau Y.
Daftar keluaran
Ketika Anda menjalankan skrip Anda akan mendapatkan output ini (tidak termasuk output yang sudah terdaftar di atas):
=====================================================================
Using rsync to clone / to /dev/nvme0n1p8 mounted as /mnt/clone16.04
6.11G 38% 86.46MB/s 0:01:07 (xfr#139123, to-chk=0/647700)
Number of files: 647,700 (reg: 470,100, dir: 104,694, link: 72,903, special: 3)
Number of created files: 127,824 (reg: 72,472, dir: 15,825, link: 39,526, special: 1)
Number of deleted files: 73,318 (reg: 59,766, dir: 9,701, link: 3,847, special: 4)
Number of regular files transferred: 139,123
Total file size: 15.92G bytes
Total transferred file size: 6.11G bytes
Literal data: 6.11G bytes
Matched data: 0 bytes
File list size: 8.50M
File list generation time: 0.001 seconds
File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds
Total bytes sent: 6.14G
Total bytes received: 7.82M
sent 6.14G bytes received 7.82M bytes 89.74M bytes/sec
total size is 15.92G speedup is 2.59
Time to clone files: 68 Seconds
=====================================================================
Making changes in: /mnt/clone16.04/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
from Prompt=: never
to Prompt=: lts
Allows running 'do-release-upgrade -d' when rebooting clone target
Consider 'do-release-upgrade -d -f DistUpgradeViewNonInteractive' This
allows you to go to bed or go to lunch whilst upgrade runs.
* * * When you Upgrade, TURN OFF screen locking for inactivity. * * *
=====================================================================
Making changes in: /mnt/clone16.04/etc/fstab
from UUID: f3f8e7bc-b337-4194-88b8-3a513f6be55b
to UUID: 113f9955-a064-4ce2-9cae-74f2a9518550
=====================================================================
Making changes in: /mnt/clone16.04/boot/grub/grub.cfg
from UUID: f3f8e7bc-b337-4194-88b8-3a513f6be55b
to UUID: 113f9955-a064-4ce2-9cae-74f2a9518550
Also change 'quiet splash' to 'nosplash' for environmental awareness
Suggest first time booting clone you make wallpaper unique
=====================================================================
Calling 'update-grub' to create new boot menu
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found background: /home/rick/Pictures/1600x900/21.jpg
Found background image: /home/rick/Pictures/1600x900/21.jpg
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.34-041434-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.34-041434-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.31-041431-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.31-041431-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.30-041430-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.30-041430-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.27-041427-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.27-041427-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.15-041415-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.15-041415-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.10-041410-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.10-041410-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.4-041404-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.4-041404-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.14.2-041402-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.14.2-041402-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.13.9-041309-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.13.9-041309-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.10.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.10.0-42-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.77-040977-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.77-040977-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-104-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-104-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.53-031653-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.16.53-031653-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/nvme0n1p2@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Found Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (16.04) on /dev/nvme0n1p8
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done
=====================================================================
Unmounting /dev/nvme0n1p8 as /mnt/clone16.04
rsync tampilan status untuk klon baru
Saat kloning untuk pertama kalinya, rsyncakan memberikan pembaruan dari 0 hingga 100% dari semua file yang dibuat. Tidak ada file yang akan dihapus atau diubah karena klon kosong:
rsync tampilan status saat rekloning
Ketika rsyncreclones tidak pernah hit 100%karena file yang tidak pernah berubah tidak disalin. Akan ada keterlambatan dalam kemajuan pembaruan sebagai rsyncpemindaian untuk file berikutnya yang akan disalin dan ketika itu menghapus file baru yang dibuat di klon yang tidak pernah ada dalam aslinya:
Skrip Bash - clone-ubuntu.sh
#!/bin/bash
# NAME: clone-ubuntu.sh
# PATH: /usr/local/bin
# DESC: Written for AU Q&A: /ubuntu/1028604/bash-seemless-safe-script-to-upgrade-16-04-to-18-04/1028605#1028605
# DATE: Apr 27, 2018. Modified May 6, 2018.
# UPDT: May 02 2018 - Display selected parition and get confirmation.
# May 06 2018 - Revise `do-release-upgrade -d` instructions.
# Correct listing of files in empty target partition.
# Aug 09 2018 - Add --inplace parameter to `rsync`
# Comment out disabling `/etc/cron.d` on clone target.
# Users may uncomment and/or revise to their needs.
# $TERM variable may be missing when called via desktop shortcut
CurrentTERM=$(env | grep TERM)
if [[ $CurrentTERM == "" ]] ; then
notify-send --urgency=critical \
"$0 cannot be run from GUI without TERM environment variable."
exit 1
fi
# Must run as root
if [[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]] ; then echo "Usage: sudo $0" ; exit 1 ; fi
#
# Create unqique temporary file names
#
tmpPart=$(mktemp /tmp/clone-ubuntu.XXXXX) # Partitions list
tmpMenu=$(mktemp /tmp/clone-ubuntu.XXXXX) # Menu list
tmpInf1=$(mktemp /tmp/clone-ubuntu.XXXXX) # Soucre (Booted) Ubuntu Info
tmpInf2=$(mktemp /tmp/clone-ubuntu.XXXXX) # Target (Cloned) Ubuntu Info
tmpInf3=$(mktemp /tmp/clone-ubuntu.XXXXX) # Work file used by DistInfo ()
#
# Function Cleanup () Removes temporary files
#
CleanUp () {
[[ -f "$tmpPart" ]] && rm -f "$tmpPart" # If we created temp files
[[ -f "$tmpMenu" ]] && rm -f "$tmpMenu" # at various program stages
[[ -f "$tmpInf1" ]] && rm -f "$tmpInf1" # then remove them before
[[ -f "$tmpInf2" ]] && rm -f "$tmpInf2" # exiting.
[[ -f "$tmpInf3" ]] && rm -f "$tmpInf3"
if [[ -d "$TargetMnt" ]]; then # Did we create a clone mount?
umount "$TargetMnt" -l # Unmount the clone
rm -d "$TargetMnt" # Remove clone directory
fi
}
#
# Function GetUUID () gets UUIDs of source and clone target partitions in menu.
#
GetUUID () {
SrchLine="$1" # menu line passed to function
UUID_col=0 # start column of UUID in line
lsblk -o NAME,UUID > "$tmpPart" # Get list of UUID's
while read -r UUID_Line; do # Read through UUID list
# Establish UUID position on line
if [[ $UUID_col == 0 ]] ; then # First time will be heading
UUID_col="${UUID_Line%%UUID*}" # Establish column number
UUID_col="${#UUID_col}" # where UUID appears on line
NameLen=$(( UUID_col - 1 )) # Max length of partition name
continue # Skip to read next line
fi
# Check if Passed line name (/dev/sda1, /nvme01np8, etc.) matches.
if [[ "${UUID_Line:0:$NameLen}" == "${SrchLine:0:$NameLen}" ]] ; then
FoundUUID="${UUID_Line:UUID_col:999}"
break # exit function
fi
done < "$tmpPart" # Read next line & loop back
}
#
# Function DistInfo () builds information about source & target partitions
#
DistInfo () {
Mount="$1" # Mount name is '/' or $TargetMnt
FileName="$2" # "$tmpInf1" or "$tmpInf2" work file
cat "$Mount"/etc/lsb-release >> "$FileName"
sed -i 's/DISTRIB_//g' "$FileName" # Remove DISTRIB_ prefix.
sed -i 's/=/:=/g' "$FileName" # Change "=" to ":="
sed -i 's/"//g' "$FileName" # Remove " around "Ubuntu 16.04...".
# Align columns from "Xxxx:=Yyyy" to "Xxxx: Yyyy"
cat "$FileName" | column -t -s '=' > "$tmpInf3"
cat "$tmpInf3" > "$FileName"
}
#
# Mainline
#
lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT > "$tmpMenu"
i=0
SPACES=' '
DoHeading=true
AllPartsArr=() # All partitions.
# Build whiptail menu tags ($i) and text ($Line) into array
while read -r Line; do
if [[ $DoHeading == true ]] ; then
DoHeading=false # First line is the heading.
MenuText="$Line" # Heading for whiptail.
FSTYPE_col="${Line%%FSTYPE*}"
FSTYPE_col="${#FSTYPE_col}" # Required to ensure `ext4`.
MOUNTPOINT_col="${Line%%MOUNTPOINT*}"
MOUNTPOINT_col="${#MOUNTPOINT_col}" # Required to ensure not mounted.
continue
fi
Line="$Line$SPACES" # Pad extra white space.
Line=${Line:0:74} # Truncate to 74 chars for menu.
if [[ "${Line:MOUNTPOINT_col:4}" == "/ " ]] ; then
GetUUID "$Line"
SourceUUID=$FoundUUID
# Build "/dev/Xxxxx" FS name from "├─Xxxxx" lsblk line
SourceDev="${Line%% *}"
SourceDev=/dev/"${SourceDev:2:999}"
fi
AllPartsArr+=($i "$Line") # Menu array entry = Tag# + Text.
(( i++ ))
done < "$tmpMenu" # Read next "lsblk" line.
#
# Display whiptail menu in while loop until no errors, or escape,
# or valid partion selection .
#
DefaultItem=0
while true ; do
# Call whiptail in loop to paint menu and get user selection
Choice=$(whiptail \
--title "Use arrow, page, home & end keys. Tab toggle option" \
--backtitle "Clone 16.04 for upgrade. ONLY CLONES / PARTITION" \
--ok-button "Select unmounted partition" \
--cancel-button "Exit" \
--notags \
--default-item "$DefaultItem" \
--menu "$MenuText" 24 80 16 \
"${AllPartsArr[@]}" \
2>&1 >/dev/tty)
clear # Clear screen.
if [[ $Choice == "" ]]; then # Escape or dialog "Exit".
CleanUp
exit 0;
fi
DefaultItem=$Choice # whiptail start option.
ArrNdx=$(( $Choice * 2 + 1)) # Calculate array offset.
Line="${AllPartsArr[$ArrNdx]}" # Array entry into $Line.
# Validation - Don't wipe out Windows or Ubuntu 16.04:
# - Partition must be ext4 and cannot be mounted.
if [[ "${Line:FSTYPE_col:4}" != "ext4" ]] ; then
echo "Only 'ext4' partitions can be clone targets."
read -p "Press <Enter> to continue"
continue
fi
if [[ "${Line:MOUNTPOINT_col:4}" != " " ]] ; then
echo "A Mounted partition cannot be a clone target."
read -p "Press <Enter> to continue"
continue
fi
GetUUID "$Line" # Get UUID of target partition.
TargetUUID=$FoundUUID
# Build "/dev/Xxxxx" FS name from "├─Xxxxx" menu line
TargetDev="${Line%% *}"
TargetDev=/dev/"${TargetDev:2:999}"
break # Validated: Break menu loop.
done # Loop while errors.
#
# Mount Clone Target partition
#
Release=$(lsb_release -rs) # Source version ie: '16.04'
TargetMnt="/mnt/clone$Release"
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Mounting clone partition $TargetDev as $TargetMnt"
mkdir -p "$TargetMnt" # '-p' directory may already exist
mount -t auto -v $TargetDev "$TargetMnt" > /dev/null
# Confirm partition is empty. If not empty confirm it's Ubuntu. If not exit.
# If Ubuntu display prompt with the version it contains and get confirmation.
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "PLEASE: Carefully confirm Source (Live) and Target (Clone) partitions"
# Build source information (our current boot partition)
echo "SOURCE (BOOT /)=$SourceDev" > "$tmpInf1"
DistInfo "/" "$tmpInf1" # /etc/lsb_release information
df -h --output=size,used,avail,pcent "$SourceDev" >> "$tmpInf1"
# Build target information (the partition selected for cloning to)
LineCnt=$(ls "$TargetMnt" | wc -l)
if (( LineCnt > 1 )) ; then
# More than /Lost+Found exist so it's not an empty partition.
if [[ -f "$TargetMnt"/etc/lsb-release ]] ; then
echo "TARGET (CLONE)=$TargetDev" > "$tmpInf2"
DistInfo "$TargetMnt" "$tmpInf2" # /etc/lsb_release information
else
# TO-DO: might be cloning /boot or /home on separate partitions.
# the source partition is still `/` so can display message.
echo "Selected partition has data which is not Ubuntu OS. Aborting."
CleanUp # Remove temporary files
exit 1
fi
else
echo "Target (Clone) partition appears empty" > "$tmpInf2"
echo "/Lost+Found normal in empty partition" >> "$tmpInf2"
echo "Head of '/Clone/' files & directories:" >> "$tmpInf2"
ls "$TargetMnt" | head -n2 >> "$tmpInf2"
fi
# Target device free bytes
df -h --output=size,used,avail,pcent "$TargetDev" >> "$tmpInf2"
# Display source and target partitions side-by-side using bold text.
echo $(tput bold) # Set to bold text
paste -d '|' "$tmpInf1" "$tmpInf2" | column -t -s '|'
echo $(tput sgr0) # Reset to normal text
echo "NOTE: If you are recloning, new files in clone will be deleted,"
echo " modified files are reset to current source content and,"
echo " files deleted from clone are added back from source."
echo ""
read -p "Type Y (or y) to proceed. Any other key to exit: " -n 1 -r
echo # (optional) move to a new line
if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] ; then
CleanUp # Remove temporary files
exit 0
fi
# Copy non-virtual directories to clone. Credit to TikTak's Ask Ubuntu answer:
# /ubuntu/319805/is-it-safe-to-clone-the-current-used-disk?utm_medium=organic&utm_source=google_rich_qa&utm_campaign=google_rich_qa
SECONDS=0
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Using rsync to clone / to $TargetDev mounted as $TargetMnt"
rsync -haxAX --stats --delete --info=progress2 --info=name0 --inplace \
/* "$TargetMnt" \
--exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/media/*,/lost+found}
# For 16GB on Samsung Pro 960: First time 98 seconds, second time 27 seconds.
rsyncTime=$SECONDS
echo ""
echo "Time to clone files: $rsyncTime Seconds"
# Change /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades prompt from never to LTS
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Making changes in: $TargetMnt/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades"
echo " from Prompt=: never"
echo " to Prompt=: lts"
echo "Allows running 'do-release-upgrade -d' when rebooting clone target"
echo "Consider 'do-release-upgrade -d -f DistUpgradeViewNonInteractive' This"
echo "allows you to go to bed or go to lunch whilst upgrade runs."
echo ""
echo "* * * When you Upgrade, TURN OFF screen locking for inactivity. * * *"
echo ""
sed -i 's/Prompt=never/Prompt=lts/' "$TargetMnt"/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
## This section commented out to prevent surprises. You may uncomment.
## You may want to revise to include `cron.daily`, `cron.hourly`, etc.
# Move `/etc/cron.d` reboot jobs to `/etc/cron.d/hold` to prevent running
# scripts such as daily backup or Ubuntu 16.04 specific problem fixes.
#echo ""
#echo "====================================================================="
#echo "Moving '$TargetMnt/etc/cron.d' to '.../hold' to prevent running."
#echo "After booting clone, move back individual files you want to run"
#if [[ ! -d "$TargetMnt"/etc/cron.d/hold ]]; then
# mkdir "$TargetMnt"/etc/cron.d/hold
#fi
#cp -p "$TargetMnt"/etc/cron.d/* "$TargetMnt"/etc/cron.d/hold/
#rm -fv "$TargetMnt"/etc/cron.d/*
# Update /etc/fstab on clone partition with clone's UUID
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Making changes in: $TargetMnt/etc/fstab"
echo " from UUID: $SourceUUID"
echo " to UUID: $TargetUUID"
sed -i "s/$SourceUUID/$TargetUUID/g" "$TargetMnt"/etc/fstab
# Update /boot/grub/grub.cfg on clone partition with clone's UUID
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Making changes in: $TargetMnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
echo " from UUID: $SourceUUID"
echo " to UUID: $TargetUUID"
echo "Also change 'quiet splash' to 'nosplash' for environmental awareness"
echo "Suggest first time booting clone you make wallpaper unique"
sed -i "s/$SourceUUID/$TargetUUID/g" "$TargetMnt"/boot/grub/grub.cfg
sed -i "s/quiet splash/nosplash/g" "$TargetMnt"/boot/grub/grub.cfg
# Update grub boot menu
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Calling 'update-grub' to create new boot menu"
update-grub
# Unmount and exit
echo ""
echo "====================================================================="
echo "Unmounting $TargetDev as $TargetMnt"
CleanUp # Remove temporary files
exit 0
Salin dan tempel kode bash di atas ke file baru yang disebut /usr/local/bin/clone-ubuntu.sh. Kemudian buat file baru dapat dieksekusi menggunakan:
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/clone-ubuntu.sh
Untuk memanggil skrip gunakan:
sudo clone-ubuntu.sh
Cara memutakhirkan klon 16,04 LTS ke Ubuntu 18,04 LTS
Ini adalah bagian "bonus" yang mungkin menarik minat banyak orang.
Nyalakan ulang mesin Anda. The grubmenu akan berisi pilihan menu menunjuk baru ke partisi kloning. Anda juga dapat memilih versi kernel tertentu dari menu Opsi Lanjutan klon .
Salah satu cara untuk mengubah klon 16.04 LTS menjadi 18.04 LTS adalah menjalankan:
sudo do-release-upgrade
Perhatikan bahwa -dbendera itu diperlukan sebelum 26 Juli 2018 tetapi tidak lagi diperlukan.
Baca konfirmasi peningkatan versi 18.04 dengan seksama .
Sebelum melanjutkan, pastikan penguncian layar tidak aktif dimatikan. Proses peningkatan dapat macet jika komputer Anda membuka layar kunci karena tidak adanya keyboard.
Ringkasan proses peningkatan 18,04
Bagian ini akan spesifik untuk mesin karena aplikasi yang berbeda dipasang oleh pengguna yang berbeda. Berikut ini ringkasan singkat yang saya buat berdasarkan catatan dan memori:
- konfirmasi untuk melanjutkan: ENTER
- paket akan dihapus: Y
- ganti longind.conf: Y
- File konfigurasi '/etc/sane.d/dll.conf', default N, ambil Y
- '/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf' Ambil default N
- File konfigurasi '/etc/pulse/default.pa' default N, ambil Y
- File konfigurasi '/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober' 'default N, ambil N
- Konfigurasi menu grub layar penuh muncul. Ambil pilihan: pertahankan versi lokal saat ini diinstal
- File konfigurasi '/etc/cron.d/anacron', default N, ambil Y untuk melihat apa
- Pesan kesalahan beberapa kali: /sbin/ldconfig.real: Peringatan: mengabaikan file konfigurasi yang tidak dapat dibuka: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_EGL.conf: Tidak ada file atau direktori tersebut
- Non-standar: File konfigurasi '/etc/vnstat.conf' (perbedaan tampilan 1,13 vs 1,18) ambil Y
- 220 paket akan dihapus. (dapat memakan waktu berjam-jam) masukkan Y
- Untuk menyelesaikan upgrade, diperlukan restart. Ambil Y
Perhatikan langkah 10 kebanyakan orang tidak akan pernah melihat. Saya memiliki instalasi driver nVidia lama pada Ubuntu 16.04 saya, saya tidak pernah bisa menghapus sepenuhnya. Ini termasuk karena Anda mungkin memiliki paket lama yang serupa tidak pernah dihapus sepenuhnya.
Grub mengubah menu boot untuk dikloning di bawah UEFI
Tidak seperti upgrade 18.04 saya menemukan upgrade 18.04.1 mengubah konfigurasi Grub UEFI untuk menggunakan menu grub clone daripada menu grub asli sesuai jawaban ini: Dual boot dan file /boot/grub/grub.cfg - yang mana adalah bekas?
$ sudo cat /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg
search.fs_uuid b40b3925-70ef-447f-923e-1b05467c00e7 root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
$ sudo grub-install
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
Berjalan sudo update-grubsetelah mem-boot partisi asli tidak cukup untuk mengubah yang grub.cfgdimuat oleh grub. Anda perlu menggunakan sudo grub-installuntuk memaksa grub untuk menggunakan konfigurasi partisi asli.
Baik partisi asli dan partisi klon dapat digunakan update-grub untuk memelihara /boot/grub/grub.cfgfile mereka sendiri tetapi hanya satu yang dapat digunakan selama boot.
Tentu saja jika Anda ingin grub menggunakan menu grone Clone jangan lakukan langkah-langkah di atas pada partisi asli.
Edit riwayat
Edit 6 Mei 2018 - Tampilan informasi untuk partisi klon kosong (target) diperbaiki.
Edit 26 Agustus 2018 - Gunakan --inplaceopsi dengan rsyncfile yang sangat besar seperti file sampah 2 GB tidak diduplikasi pada klon selama proses penyalinan. Ini dapat menyebabkan kesalahan "kehabisan ruang disk". Mengomentari /etc/cron.dpenimpaan karena pengguna mungkin ingin menyimpan atau menginginkan direktori yang berbeda sekaligus. Perbarui instruksi untuk digunakan do-release-upgradetanpa -dtanda karena Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS sekarang telah dirilis.