Saya akan melacak skrip Perl Anda dengan alat pelacak panggilan sistem: strace
(Linux), dtruss
(OS X), ktrace
(FreeBSD), truss
(Solaris), dll. Tujuannya adalah untuk melihat berapa lama waktu yang dihabiskan skrip Perl Anda untuk membaca dari stdin dan berapa banyak waktu yang dihabiskan oleh program lain untuk menulis pada stdout-nya.
Di sini saya menguji ini dengan penulis sebagai hambatan:
terminal 1$ gzip -c < /dev/urandom | cat > /dev/null
terminal 2$ ps auxw | egrep 'gzip|cat'
slamb 25311 96.0 0.0 2852 516 pts/0 R+ 23:35 3:40 gzip -c
slamb 25312 0.8 0.0 2624 336 pts/0 S+ 23:35 0:01 cat
terminal 2$ strace -p 25312 -s 0 -rT -e trace=read
Process 25312 attached - interrupt to quit
0.000000 read(0, ""..., 4096) = 4096 <0.005207>
0.005531 read(0, ""..., 4096) = 4096 <0.000051>
Angka pertama di sini adalah waktu sejak dimulainya syscall sebelumnya, dan angka terakhir adalah waktu yang dihabiskan di syscall. Jadi kita dapat memposting proses dengan Perl sedikit untuk menggabungkannya ... [*]
terminal 2$ strace -p 25312 -s 0 -rT -e trace=read 2>&1 | perl -nle 'm{^\s*([\d.]+) read\(0, .*<([\d.]+)>} or next; $total_work += $1 - $last_wait; $total_wait += $2; $last_wait = $2; print "working for $total_work sec, waiting for $total_wait sec"; $last_wait = $2;'
working for 0 sec, waiting for 0.005592 sec
...
working for 0.305356 sec, waiting for 2.28624900000002 sec
...
terminal 2$ strace -p 25311 -s 0 -rT -e trace=write 2>&1 | perl -nle 'm{^\s*([\d.]+) write\(1, .*<([\d.]+)>} or next; $total_work += $1 - $last_wait; $total_wait += $2; $last_wait = $2; print "working for $total_work sec, waiting for $total_wait sec"; $last_wait = $2;'
...
working for 5.15862000000001 sec, waiting for 0.0555740000000007 sec
...
Anda bisa menjadi lebih hebat dan membuat skrip SystemTap atau DTrace yang melacak kedua sisi sekaligus, hanya melacak deskriptor file yang benar, dan mencetak pembaruan status yang bagus setiap detik atau lebih dengan berapa persen waktu masing-masing menunggu yang lain.
[*] - Peringatan: agregasi kasar saya kurang tepat jika baca / tulis dipanggil pada deskriptor file lainnya; itu akan meremehkan waktu kerja dalam kasus itu.
Versi dtrace sebenarnya cukup rapi.
terminal 1$ gzip -c < /dev/urandom | cat > /dev/null
terminal 2$ ps aux | egrep 'gzip| cat'
slamb 54189 95.8 0.0 591796 584 s006 R+ 12:49AM 22:49.55 gzip -c
slamb 54190 0.4 0.0 599828 392 s006 S+ 12:49AM 0:06.08 cat
terminal 2$ cat > pipe.d <<'EOF'
#!/usr/sbin/dtrace -qs
BEGIN
{
start = timestamp;
writer_blocked = 0;
reader_blocked = 0;
}
tick-1s, END
{
this->elapsed = timestamp - start;
printf("since startup, writer blocked %3d%% of time, reader %3d%% of time\n",
100 * writer_blocked / this->elapsed,
100 * reader_blocked / this->elapsed);
}
syscall::write:entry
/pid == $1 && arg0 == 1/
{
self->entry = timestamp;
}
syscall::write:return
/pid == $1 && self->entry != 0/
{
writer_blocked += timestamp - self->entry;
self->entry = 0;
}
syscall::read:entry
/pid == $2 && arg0 == 0/
{
self->entry = timestamp;
}
syscall::read:return
/pid == $2 && self->entry != 0/
{
reader_blocked += timestamp - self->entry;
self->entry = 0;
}
EOF
terminal 2$ chmod u+x pipe.d
terminal 2$ sudo ./pipe.d 54189 54190
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 98% of time
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
^C
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
Dan versi SystemTap:
terminal 1$ gzip -c /dev/urandom | cat > /dev/null
terminal 2$ ps auxw | egrep 'gzip| cat'
slamb 3405 109 0.0 4356 584 pts/1 R+ 02:57 0:04 gzip -c /dev/urandom
slamb 3406 0.2 0.0 10848 588 pts/1 S+ 02:57 0:00 cat
terminal 2$ cat > probes.stp <<'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/env stap
global start
global writer_pid
global writes
global reader_pid
global reads
probe begin {
start = gettimeofday_us()
writer_pid = strtol(argv[1], 10)
reader_pid = strtol(argv[2], 10)
}
probe timer.s(1), end {
elapsed = gettimeofday_us() - start
printf("since startup, writer blocked %3d%% of time, reader %3d%% of time\n",
100 * @sum(writes) / elapsed,
100 * @sum(reads) / elapsed)
}
probe syscall.write.return {
if (pid() == writer_pid && $fd == 1)
writes <<< gettimeofday_us() - @entry(gettimeofday_us())
}
probe syscall.read.return {
if (pid() == reader_pid && $fd == 0)
reads <<< gettimeofday_us() - @entry(gettimeofday_us())
}
EOF
terminal 2$ chmod a+x probes.stp
terminal 2$ sudo ./pipe.stp 3405 3406
since startup, writer blocked 0% of time, reader 99% of time
...