Saya baru-baru ini memperhatikan bahwa meskipun ada banyak memori pada sistem saya:
# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 15965 9680 6284 35 1754 2560
-/+ buffers/cache: 5365 10599
Swap: 2047 258 1789
Saya tidak bisa swapoff -a
menggunakan swapfile 2G saya
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2.0G Feb 9 21:34 /2GB.swap
Saya telah mengubah parameter kernel berikut melalui sysctl
tetapi yang seharusnya menjadi penyebabnya:
vm.swappiness = 5
vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 200
Alasan apa pun untuk:
# swapoff -a
swapoff: /2GB.swap: swapoff failed: Cannot allocate memory
? dmesg
tidak mencatat apa pun saat swapoff
gagal. Saya menggunakan kernel linux 4.19.20-041920-generic
.
Contoh lain termasuk /proc/meminfo
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 16348296 kB
MemFree: 6673788 kB
MemAvailable: 11233052 kB
Buffers: 525048 kB
Cached: 2837788 kB
SwapCached: 362556 kB
Active: 4728244 kB
Inactive: 2758260 kB
Active(anon): 3132940 kB
Inactive(anon): 1043676 kB
Active(file): 1595304 kB
Inactive(file): 1714584 kB
Unevictable: 2396 kB
Mlocked: 2396 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 1124272 kB
Dirty: 336 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 3786868 kB
Mapped: 699944 kB
Shmem: 53116 kB
Slab: 1770268 kB
SReclaimable: 1578564 kB
SUnreclaim: 191704 kB
KernelStack: 47216 kB
PageTables: 82968 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 10271296 kB
Committed_AS: 24712604 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 0 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
Percpu: 3552 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 26624 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
Hugetlb: 0 kB
DirectMap4k: 714480 kB
DirectMap2M: 13891584 kB
DirectMap1G: 3145728 kB
dan free -m
# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 15965 9447 6517 51 512 2771
-/+ buffers/cache: 6163 9801
Swap: 2047 950 1097
EDIT
strace swapoff -a
root@MACHINE:~# strace swapoff -a
execve("/sbin/swapoff", ["swapoff", "-a"], [/* 22 vars */]) = 0
...
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=9469488, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 9469488, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fd262737000
close(3) = 0
open("/proc/swaps", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0444, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd263a54000
read(3, "Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPrio"..., 1024) = 102
readlink("/2GB.swap", 0x7ffcfbb3bea0, 4096) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
read(3, "", 1024) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0x7fd263a54000, 4096) = 0
swapoff("/2GB.swap") = -1 ENOMEM (Cannot allocate memory)
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2570, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd263a54000
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2570
read(3, "", 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0x7fd263a54000, 4096) = 0
open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/util-linux.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
...
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/util-linux.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "swapoff: ", 9swapoff: ) = 9
write(2, "/2GB.swap: swapoff failed", 25/2GB.swap: swapoff failed) = 25
write(2, ": ", 2: ) = 2
open("/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
...
open("/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "Cannot allocate memory\n", 23Cannot allocate memory
) = 23
open("/etc/fstab", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=838, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd263a54000
read(3, "# /etc/fstab: static file system"..., 4096) = 838
readlink("/2GB.swap", 0x7ffcfbb3c2b0, 4096) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
read(3, "", 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0x7fd263a54000, 4096) = 0
exit_group(-1) = ?
+++ exited with 255 +++
sync
tidak mengubah pemanfaatan memori sedikit pun
sync
akan menulis halaman kotor ke disk (tidak semua, tetapi ketika halaman ini harus di disk). Ini membuat halaman seperti itu bersih, sehingga mereka dapat dibuang dengan mudah (tanpa bertukar, atau menulis ke disk), sehingga kernel dapat dengan cepat mengubah bagian dari memori dari cache menjadi bebas. Ini adalah trik jangka pendek, untuk mempersingkat fase kritis (swapoff / umount).
sync
mengurangi halaman kotor.